BUNCH-FLOWER FAMILY 147 



2. T. coccinea Richardson. A glabrous plant; stem 5-10 cm. high; basal 

 leaves 2-6 cm. long, 3-4 mm. wide; spike short-oblong or globose; flowers tinged 

 with purple; fruit dark purple. In wet places: Mack. — Alta. — Alaska. Alp. 

 Jl. 



3. T. intermedia Rydb. Stem leafy, 1.5-3 dm. high, viscid-pubescent 

 above; leaves 5-20 cm. long, 2-5 mm. wide; raceme short, dense, 1-2 cm. long, 

 pedicels usually 3 together; flowers yellow; sepals obovate, 4-5 mm. long; petals 

 somewhat narrower and longer; capsule ovoid, about 5 mm. long. Bogs: Sask; 

 — Wyo. — -Calif. — -Alaska. Mont. — Alp. Je-Au. 



4. T. occidentalis S. Wats. Stem leafy, 3-5 dm. high, viscid-pubescent 

 above; leaves 5-20 cm. long, 2-6 mm. wide, acute; raceme 3-5 cm. long; flowers 

 as in the preceding, but sepals and petals narrower; capsule ovoid, about 8 mm. 

 long. In bogs: B.C. — Cahf. — Ida. Mont. Je-Au. 



2. XEROPHYLLUM Michx. Turkey-beard, Bear-grass, 



MoosE-ORASS, Pine-grass. 



Glabrous perennial plants, with thick rootstocks, numerous narrowly linear 

 leaves with rough margins, and a single, dense and many-flowered raceme. Flow- 

 ers perfect, whitish; petals and sepals subequal, ovate or oblong, 5-7-nerved, 

 withering-persistent, claw- and gland-less. Anthers oblong, 2-celled, extrorse. 

 Styles 3, reflexed. Capsule ovoid; seeds 2 in each cell, oblong. 



Petals and sepals 7-10 mm. long. 1. X. tenax. 



Petals and sepals 4-6 mm. long. 2. X. Douglasii. 



1. X. tenax (Pursh) Nutt. A light green perennial, 5-15 dm. high; lower 

 leaves very numerous, firm, strongly 1-nerved, 2-4 dm. long, 2-4 mm. wide; 

 upper stem-leaves subulate, with broad scarious bases; pedicels slender, 3-5 cm. 

 long; petals and sepals narrowly oblong, shorter than the filiform filaments; 

 capsule broadly ovate. On dry hillsides: Mont. — B.C. — Calif. — ^Ida. Mont. 

 J^Jl. 



2. X. Douglasii S. Wats. Similar to the preceding; pedicels 1-3 cm. long, 

 more erect; sepals and petals equalling the stamens; capsule cordate-ovate. 

 Dry hills: Ore.— Mont. Mont. Je-Jl. 



3. STENANTHELLA Rydb. 



Erect bulbous glabrous herbs, with few narrow leaves and racemose or panicu- 

 late, perfect, greenish, brownish, or purplish flowers. Petals and sepals each 3, 

 subequal, withering-persistent, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, with reflexed tips, 

 without gland and distinct claw. Stamens 6, free, included; anthers reniform, 

 confluently 1-celled. Capsule lance-ovoid, septicidal to the base, wholly super- 

 ior. Seeds oblong, winged. 



1. S. occidentalis (A. Gray) Rydb. Stem 3-5 dm. high; leaves linear or 

 Unear-oblanceolate, acute, 1-2 dm. long, 3-20 mm. wide; raceme simple or 

 branched below; flowers narrowly bell-shaped, 10-12 mm. long; capsule about 

 2 cm. long. Stenanthium occidentale A. Gray. In wet places: Alta. — B.C. — 

 Ore. — Ida. Mont. — Alp. Je-Au. 



4. VERATRUM (Tourn.) L. White Hellebore, False Hellebore, 



Skunk Cabbage. 



Tall poisonous perennials, with broad strongly veined and plaited leaves, 

 and stout rootstocks. Flowers paniculate, generally polygamous, i. e., the 

 upper perfect and the lower staminate. Petals and sepals each 3, subequal, 

 glandless and clawless. Stamens 6, free; anthers cordate, their sacks confluent. 

 Fruit a many-seeded, slightly inferior capsule. Seeds flat, broadly winged. 



Flowers greenish: bractlets foliaceous, often equalling or exceeding the flowers. 



1. V. Eschschollzianum. 

 Flowers white or yellowish white; bractlets membranous, much shorter than the pedicels 

 and flowers. 

 Petals and sepals oval or broadly oblanceolate. 2. V. speciosum. 



Petals and sepals narrowly oblanceolate. 3. V. tenuipetalum. 



