284 CARYOPHYLLACEAE 



calyx ellipsoid, much inflated, 12-15 mm. long, glandular-pubescent; lobes very 

 broad, rounded-ovate; petals included; blades very short, bifid; claws auricled. 

 High mountains: Greenl. — Lab. — Mont. — Colo. — Utah — Alaska; Eurasia. Alp. 

 — Subalp. Jl-Au. 



4. SAPONARIA L. Soapwort, Bouncing Bet. 



Perennial herbs, witli ojiposite broad leaves. Calyx 5-toothed, obscurely 

 5-nerved. Petals 5, long-clawed, with appendages (crown). Stamens 10. 

 Ovary 1-celled or incompletely 2-4-celled; styles 2. Capsule dehiscent by 4 

 apical teeth or valves. 



1. S. officinalis L. Glabrous perennial; stem 3-6 dm. high; leaves oval or 

 ovate, 5-8 cm. long, 3-5-ribbed; flowers in dense corymbiform cjTnes; calyx 

 tubular, 1.5-2 cm. long; petals pink or white; blades obcordate; capsule oblong. 

 Roadsides and waste places: N.S. — Fla. — N.M. — Colo.; nat. from Eu. Pkiin 

 — Submoni. Jl-S. 



5. VACCARIA Medic. Cow-herb, Cow Cockle. 



Annual caulescent herbs, with glabrous and glaucous, opposite, often thickish, 

 clasping leaves. Flowers in dichotomous cymes. Calyx somewhat inflated, 

 strongly 5-angled and 5-nerved; lobes very short. Petals conspicuous, longer 

 than the calyx, without a crown. Stamens 10. Ovary 1-celled; styles 2. Cap- 

 sule opening by 4 apical, tooth-like valves. Seeds laterally attached; embryo 

 slightly curved. 



1. V. Vaccaria (L.) Britton. Annual; stem 3-10 dm. high, branched; leaves 

 ovate to lanceolate, connate at the base, 2-8 cm. long; calyx with the sharp 

 angles herbaceous, and the intervening parts scarious and white, 1-1.5 cm. long; 

 petals rose-colored, crenulate. Saponaria Vaccaria L. In waste places: Ont. — 

 Fla. — Calif. — Alaska.; nat. from Eu. Plain — Submont. Je-Au. 



Family 46. CERATOPHYLLACEAE. Hornwort Family. 



Submerged aquatic herbs, with verticillate leaves, thrice dissected dichoto- 

 mously into filiform stiff divisions. FloweVs monoecious, inconspicuous, 

 sessile, axillary. Sepals 6-12, herbaceous, valvate. Petals wanting. 

 Stamens 10-24, with very short filaments. Pistil 1; ovarj'' 1-celled. Fruit 

 nut-like, wath a persistent style. Seeds pendulous; embryo straight. 



1. CERATOPHYLLUM L. Hornwort. 



Characters of the family. 



1. C. demersum L. Stems 3-12 dm. long; leaves rather rigid, 6-9 in each 

 whorl, 1-3 cm. long, once, twice, or thrice forking, the ultimate segments spiny- 

 toothed; achenes oblong, slightly flattened, 5 mm. long, tipped with the per- 

 sistent style and armed with spreading spines at the base. Ponds and still 

 water: Newf. — Fla. — ^Calif. — Wash.; W.Ind., Mex., Eurasia. Plain. Je-Jl. 



Family 47. NYMPHAEACEAE. Water Lily Family. 



Perennial acaulescent water plants, with stout elongate rootstocks. 

 Leaves with elongate petioles and broad leathery floating blades cordate 

 or sagittate at the base. Flowers solitar,y, long-pedicelled, perfect. Sepals 

 4-7, green or partly colored. Petals numerous, often passing into stamin- 

 odia and stamens. Stamens numerous. Gynoecium of several more or 

 less united carpels, forming a compound pistil; stigmas united into a disk. 

 Ovules numerous, parietal. Fruit a leathery berry. 



Petals small, staminodia-like; stamens hypogynous. 1. Nymphaea. 



Petals at least as large as the sepals; stamens epigynous. 2. Castalia. 



