VIOLET FAMILY 567 



peduncles; capsules green, short-eUipsoid ; seeds olive-brown, 2 mm. long. V. 

 cognata Greene. Bogs and borders of cold streams: Que. — Conn. — Wis. — N.M. 

 —Utah— Wash.— B.C. Plain— Mont. My-Jl. 



5. V. septentrionalis Greene. Basal stipules often 1 cm. long, bristly 

 ciUolate and more or less glandular; leaves cordate-ovate, somewhat acuminate, 

 the apex obtu.se; flowers large; sepals obtuse, finely ciliate; cleistogamous flowers 

 sagittate, on ascending peduncles; their capsules subglobose, usually purple. 

 Woodlands: P.E.I.— Conn.— Pa.— Wash.— B.C. Boreal. 



6. V. pedatifida G. Don. Leaves 3-parted, the divisions variously cleft 

 and incised into linear lobes, usually truncate or cuneate at the base, the margins 

 and midrib hirsutulous; peduncles of the petaUferous flowers taller than the 

 leaves, those of the apetalous flowers shorter, but erect. V. delphinifolia Nutt. 

 Prairies and valleys: Sask. — Ohio — X.M. — S.D. Plain — Mont. Ap-Je. 



7. V. Selkirkii Pursh. Leaves broadly cordate-ovate, the basal lobes con- 

 verging or overlapping, the margins crenate-serrate, the upper surface hirtellous; 

 petals pale violet, all beardless; spur 3-5 mm. long, with an enlarged rounded 

 end; capsule subglobose; seeds small, buff. Woods: N.B. — Pa. — Minn. — B.C. 

 — Colo. Mont. 



8. V. renifolia Gray. Pubescent throughout, or often subglabrous, especi- 

 ally on the upper surface of the leaf; blades reniform, those of summer often 

 ending in a short blunt tip; petals white, aU beardless; capsule ellipsoid; cleistoga- 

 mous flowers on horizontal pedicels, their capsides purple. Cold forests: Newf. 

 — Pa. — Minn. — Colo. — Mack. Mont. Ap-My. 



9. V. palustris L. Scapes and leaves glabrous throughout, arising from 

 the ends of scaly creepmg rootstocks; blades cordate-ovate to orbicular, remotely 

 and lightly crenate-serrate; petals pale lilac to white, the lateral slightly bearded, 

 the spur short and thick; seeds dark brown, 1..5 mm. long. V. cyclophylla and 

 V. eucycla Greene. Cold bogs and wet borders of rivulets: Lab. — N.H. — S.D. — 

 Colo. — L'tah — Alaska. Mont. — Subalp. ]My-Au. 



10. V. Macloskeyi Lloyd. Stolons slender, leafy, bearing at the end the 

 following spring a tuft of leaves and scapes; blades ovate-orbicular, sUghtly 

 cordate, rounded at the apex, obscurely and remotely crenulate, bearing at 

 maturity on the lower surface and petioles white crinkled hairs; seeds oHve- 

 bro-rni, 1 mm. long. Wet places in the moimtains: Alta. — B.C. — Calif. Sub- 

 mont. — Mont. Je-Jl. 



11. V. sempervirens Greene. Stolons often 30 cm. long, bearing cleistog- 

 amous flowers in summer; leaves usually remaining green through the dry sea- 

 son, the blades round-cordate, with open sinus, those of the stolons nearly as 

 large as those of the rootstock; petals 1 cm. long; spur verv- short; capsule glo- 

 bose, 7 mm. long, brown or sometimes green. V. sarmentosa Dough, not Bieb. 

 Woods: B.C. — w ]\Iont. — Calif. Submont. 



12. V. orbiculata Geyer. Rootstock stout and jagged with stumps of 

 former leaves; blades orbicular, crenate-serrate, somewhat hirtellous above, the 

 sinus usually closed by the overlapping basal lobes; stolons 5-10 cm. long, 

 ascending, bearing petaliferous and cleistogamous flowers, and 1-3 small leaves 

 with brown scarious stipules. Alta. — Ida. — Wash. — -B.C. Submont. — Mont. 



13. V. Beckwithii T. & G. Stems several, mostly underground from a 

 deep-seated rootstock; leaves 2-3-ternately parted into linear entire obtuse 

 lobes, glabrous or sometimes hirsutulous; lateral petals bearded; spur short 

 and thick. Valleys: Utah — Calif. — Ore. So7i. — Submont. Ap-Je. 



14. V. Sheltonii Torr. Stems as in the preceding; leaves hirsutulous or 

 nearly glabrous, palmately 3-divided, the middle division palmately, the lateral 

 divisions pedately, 3-parted, and often again variously cleft into obtuse linear 

 lobes; lateral petals bearded; capsule globose, 8 mm. long, brown, glabrous; 

 seeds buff, 2.5 mm. long. V. biternata Greene. Rocky hillsides : Colo.^-Ore. — 

 Cahf. Mont. Ap-Je. 



15. V. venosa (S. Wats.) Rydb. Minutely puberulent; cro^\'n of vertical 

 rootstock usually 3-12 cm., imderground; stems sometimes elongating 12 cm. 



