CARROT FAMILY 609 



3. ERYNGIUM (Tourn.) L. Rattlesnake-IVIaster, Eryngo. 



Glabrous caulescent perennials. Leaves usually rigid, coriaceous, spinosely 

 toothed or divided. Flowers white or blue, in dense, bracted heads. Bractlets 

 intermixed with the flowers. Sepals very prominent, rigid, persistent. Stylo- 

 podium wanting. Fruit ovoid or oblong, laterally flattened, covered with hya- 

 line scales or tubercles; ribs obsolete. Oil-tubes usualh- 5, of which 3 are on the 

 dorsal and 2 on the commissural side. Seed-face plane. 



1, E. articulatura Hook. Stem 3-7 dm. high, dichotomously branched, 

 usually with a peduncled head in the forks; basal and lower cauhne leaves with 

 nodose petioles, 7-25 cm. long; leaf-blades lanceolate, spinulose-serrate or entire, 

 or in submerged leaves lacking; upper stem-leaves sessile and opposite, more or 

 less laciniate at the base; heads globose or elhpsoid; bracts cuspidate, spiny- 

 toothed below, as long as the heads; bractlets 3-cuspidate; fruit 4-5 mm. long; 

 sepals cuspidate. Wet places: Wash. — Ida. — Calif. Son. Je-S. 



4. SANICULA (Tourn.) L. Sxake-root, Sanicle. 



Smooth perennials, with rootstocks and few-leaved stems. Leaves palmate 

 or rarely pinnate, with incised or pinnatifid divisions. Flowers greenish j-eUow 

 or purple, in irregularly compoimd, few-rayed umbels. Involucres and involucels 

 present. Cah-x-teeth fohaceous, persistent. Fruit globose, densely covered 

 with hooked bristles; ribs none. Stylopodimn wanting. Oil-tubes from 3 to 

 many; usually 5; of these 3 dorsal and 2 commissural. Seed-face plane or con- 

 cave. 



Leaves palmately or pedately 3-7-dJ\"ided. 



Styles longer than the bristles; stamiaate flowers often in separate umbels. 



1. iS. marilandica. 

 Styles shorter thaji the bristles; staminate flowers always intermixed with the fertile 

 ones. 2. S. canadensis. 



Leaves pinnately twice or thrice temate. 3. S. septentrionalis. 



1. S. marilandica L. Stem 4-12 dm. high; basal leaves long-petioled; 

 blades 3-5-divided to the base and the lateral divisions 2-cleft; divisions oblance- 

 olate or obovate, sharply cut and serrate, 5-10 cm. long; the stem-leaves short- 

 petioled or the upper sessile ; involucres of few more or less leaf-like bracts; invo- 

 lucels of small bractlets; fruit sessile, 6-7 mm. long, including the bristles. Rich 

 woods: Ne\\'f. — Ga. — Colo. — Wash. — B.C. Plain — Submont. Je-S. 



2. S. canadensis L. Stem more or less branched, 3-12 dm. high; basal 

 leaves long-petioled, palmately 3-divided to the base; lateral divisions 2-parted; 

 divisions incised; the upper leaves short-pet ioled or subsessile; umbels irregular, 

 few-rayed; involucres and involucels of few small bracts and bractlets; fruit 

 3-6 mm. long, including the bristles. Rich woods: Vt. — Fla. — -Tex. — Wyo. 

 Plain — Submont. Je-S. 



3. S. septentrionalis Greene. Perennial, vrith a fusiform root; stem 1-4 

 dm. high; basal leaves small, ternate or bi-ternate; di\'isions 1-2 cm. long, obo- 

 vate, cleft and coarsely serrate; stem-leaves few, their lobes sharply laciniate; 

 bracts of the involucres pinnatifid, leaf-like; bractlets small, oblong, acute, more 

 or less united; flowers yellow; fruit sessile, 4 mm. long. Xigger-babies. S. apii- 

 Jolia Greene. Open woods and hillsides: Mont. — Ida.— Calif. — B.C. Submont. 

 My-Jl. 



5. OSMORRHIZA Raf. Sweet Cicely. 



Glabrous or hirsute perennials, -^ith thick aromatic roots and more or less 

 leafy stems. Leaves ternately decompoimd, with broad, lanceolate or ovate, 

 toothed leaflets. Flowers white or purplish, in few-rayed umbels. Involucres 

 and involucels few-leaved or wanting. Calj-x-teeth obsolete. Fruit linear- 

 clavate, attenuate at the base, bristly on the equal ribs. Stylopodium conic 

 or depressed. Oil-tubes obsolete in the mature fruit. Seed-face concave to 

 deeply grooved. [W ashingtonia Raf.] 



Involucels of several bractlets 1. O. longistylis. 



Involucels lacking or of a single small bractlet. 



Fruit obtuse at the apex, without a neck. 2. O. obtusa. 



