810 RUBIACEAE 



thium of the sterile flowers pubenilent or with a few long hairs; carpels, with hairs, 

 4-7 mm. in diameter. Barren hills and mountains: Utah — Wash. — Calif. Sub- 

 mont. 



18. G. stellatum Kellogg. Stem intricately branched, woody at the base, 

 1-4 dm. high; leaves 1-ribbed, 4-10 mm. long, very firm; cymes of the sterile 

 plants 3-5-flowered, those of the fertile ones 1-3-flowered, with very short pedi- 

 cels; corolla white, 1.5 mm. in diameter; hypanthimn in both kinds of flowers 

 hairy, but longer so in the fertile ones; carpels in fruit, with hairs, 3-4 mm. in 

 diameter. Arid regions: Utah — Ariz. — Calif. — L. Calif. Son. 



3. RUBIA L. Madder. 



Perennial herbs, often woody below. Leaves apparently verticillate as in 

 Galium. Flowers in axillary and terminal cymes. Corolla rotate or campanu- 

 late, 5-lobed. Styles 2, connate at the base; stigmas capitate. Fruit didymous 

 or globose, succulent. 



1. R. tinctorum L. Stem about 1 m. high, armed with small hooked 

 prickles on the angles; leaves lanceolate, retrorse-prickly on the ribs and margins; 

 flowers bright yellow; lobes ovate-lanceolate, acute; berry subglobose, black, the 

 size of a pea. Waste places: Utah; adv. from the Mediterranean region. Je-Au. 



Family 123. CAPRIFOLIACEAE. Honeysuckle Family. 



Shrubs, trees, vines, or perennial herbs, with opposite leaves and perfect, 

 regular or irregular flowers, mostly in cymes. Stipules generally none. 

 Calyx 3-5-lobed or 3-5-toothed. Corolla gamopetalous, from rotate to 

 tubular, often gibbous at the base; limb 5-lobed and sometimes 2-lipped. 

 Stamens 5, in Linnaea only 4, adnate to the corolla and alternate with its 

 lobes; anthers versatile. Ovary inferior, enclosed in the hypan thium, 1-6- 

 celled. Fruit a 1-6-celled berry, drupe, or capsule. Ovules anatropous. 

 Seed with a fleshy albumen; embryo small. 



Style deeply 3-5-cleft; shrubs or trees with compound cymose inflorescence and drupace- 

 ous fruit. 



Leaves pinnate ; ovary 3-5-celled, each cell with one ovule. 1 . Sambtjcus. 



Leaves simple; ovary 1-celled and 1-ovuled. 2. Vibxjrnum. 



Style slender, undivided; stigma capitate. 



Trailing evergreen herb; flowers long-pedimcled, geminate; stamens 4, didynamous. 



3. Linnaea. 

 Shrubs; stamens generally 5. 



Fruit a few-seeded berry. 



Corolla rarely gibbous at the base, regular or nearly so; fruit 2-seeded. 



4. Symphoricarpos. 

 Corolla gibbous at the base, mostly irregular and bilabiate; fruit several-seeded. 



Flowers in heads at the ends of the branches or in verticUs m the upper a.xils ; 



upper leaves connate; vines. 5. Lonicera. 



Flowers in pairs on axillary pedimcles; leaves not connate; erect slmjbs. 



Bracts and bractlets minute, not foliaceous; berries of the two flowers 

 more or less united. 6. Xylosteon. 



Bracts and bractlets fpliaceous; berries of the two flowers distinct. 



7. DiSTEGIA. 



Fruit a 2-celled capsule; corolla slightly gibbous and somewhat irregular. 



8. DlERVILU\. 



1. SAMBUCUS (Tourn.) L. Elder. 



Shrubs or trees with opposite, odd-pinnate leaves, large pith in the young 

 branches, small whitish flowers in compoimd cymes. Hypanthium ovoid or 

 turbinate. Calyx-lobes minute, generally 5. Corolla rotate or saucer-shaped, 

 regular, 5-lobed. Stamens 5, inserted at the base of the corolla; anthers oblong. 

 Style short, 3-5-cleft; ovary and berry-like drupe 3-5-celled, each cell containing 

 1 ovule or seed. 



Cyme not flat-topped, thyrsoid-paniculate, the axis continuous. 

 Fruit red or rarely yellow. 



Yoimg branches, inflorescence and the lower surfaces of the leaves pubescent. 



1. S. piibcns. 



