818 SANTALACEAE 



least to the base. Calyx 3-6-lobed; lobes valvate. Corolla wanting. Sta- 

 mens as many as the calyx-lobes, opposite and adnate at the base. Ovary 

 1-celled, 2-4-ovuled. Fruit a drupe or nut. 



1. COMANDRA Nutt. Bastard Toadflax. 



Smooth sometimes parasitic perennials. Leaves alternate, mostly sessile. 

 Flowers perfect, greenish, cymose. Hypanthium campanulate or urn-shaped, 

 enclosing and adnate to the ovary. Calyx 5-lobed. Corolla wanting. Sta- 

 mens 5, inserted at the base of the calyx-lobes; anthers 2-celled, connected to 

 the lobes by a tuft of hairs. Fruit drupe-like or nut-like. 



Flowers in corymbose cymes at the end of the stem; leaves sessile; style slender. 



Leaves all hnear, spreading or reflexed; hypantliium in anthesis cylindrical, constricted 

 above. 1. C. linearis. 



Leaves at least those of the stem lanceolate, those of the branches narrower; hypan- 

 thium m anthesis turbinate, becoming constricted later. 2. C. pallida. 

 Cymes 1-3-flowered on lateral pedimcles ; leaves short-petioled ; style short. 3. C. livida. 



1. C. linearis Rydb. Stem simple, 3-4 dm. high, angled; leaves all linear, 

 spreading, pale, glaucous, 3-5 cm. long, 3-5 mm. (rarely 7 mm.) wide; hypan- 

 thium in flower 5-6 mm. long, 2.5-3 mm. thick; calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate, 3 

 mm. long; fruit ellipsoid, green. Dry soil: Utah. Son. Au. 



2. C. pallida A.DC. Stems 2-4 dm. high, branched above, from a stout 

 rootstock; leaves ascending, pale and glaucous, those of the stem 1-5 cm. long, 

 2-8 mm. wide, those of the branches much narrower; hypanthium in flower 4 

 cm. long; calyx-lobes lanceolate, 3 mm. long; fruit about 8 mm. long, 5-6 mm. 

 thick, green. Sandy soil: Man. — Tex. — Ariz. — Wash. — B.C. Son. — Plain — 

 Sub7tio?it. Je-Au. 



3. C. livida Richards. Stem slender, 1-3 dm. high; leaf -blades oval, thin, 

 bright green, 1-2.5 cm. long, 6-12 mm. wide; hypanthium in flower 1.5-2 mm. 

 long; calyx-lobes deltoid, 1 mm. long; fruit sub-globose, 6 mm. long, red. Bogs 

 and wet places: Lab. — Vt. — Mich. — B.C. — Yukon. Boreal. Je-Jl. 



Family 127. VALERIANACEAE. Valerian Family. 



Annual or perennial herbs, usually heavy-scented, usually with diclioto- 

 mously branched stems. Leaves opposite, entire or pinnately divided. 

 Flowers perfect, monoecious or dioecious, in cymes. Hypanthium well 

 developed, enclosing the ovary. Calyx of 3-5 sepals, sometimes elongating 

 in fruit and pappus-like. Corolla tubular, funnelform, or salver-shaped; 

 lobes 3-5, imbricate. Stamens distinct; anthers introrse. Gynoecium of 

 3 united carpels, 1-3-celled, but only one cell perfect; styles and sometimes 

 also stigmas united. Fruit achene-like. Seed solitary, pendulous; endo- 

 sperm usually wanting; embryo straight. 



Sepals minute or wanting; fruit 3-celled, but only one seed-bearing. 



Fruit laterally winged; stem not dichotomoiis. 1. Plectritis. 



Fruit wingless; stem dlchotomous. 2. Valeri.\xell.\. 



Calyx-lobes inrolled in flower, in fruit expanding and pappus-like; fruit strictly 1-celled. 



3. Valerlvna. 



1. PLECTRITIS DC. Corn Salad. 



Annual herbs, with simple leaves. Flowers thyrsoid-glomerate, the clusters 

 both terminal and sessile in the upper axils. Calyx-teeth wanting. Corolla 

 with a short tube, funnelform throat, usually bearing a descending spur, and a 

 more or less 2-hpped hmb. Ovary 3-celled, but two cells empty. Fruit 3- 

 angular, with one angle dorsal and the other two lateral and winged. 



1. P. macroptera (Suksd.) Rydb. Stem glabrous, 1-3 dm. high; basal 

 leaves spatulate, 1-4 cm. long; upper leaves oblong or lanceolate; corolla pink- 

 ish, 2-3 mm. long, 2-lipped; upper lip erect, the lower one spreading; fruit pubes- 

 cent, rounded on the back; wings incurved on the margins, their terminal lobes 



