VALERIAN FAMILY 819 



fuUy as long as the beak. Aligera macroptera Sucksd. Sandy places: Wash. 

 — Ida. — Utah — Ore. Son. Ap-Je. 



2. VALERIANELLA (Tourn.) Hill. Corn Salad, Lamb's Lettuce. 



Annual herbs, with dichotomously branched stem. Leaves opposite, simple, 

 entire or toothed, or rarely pinnatifid. Flowers perfect in head-like or corymb i- 

 form cymes. Calyx-teeth small or obsolete. CoroUa funnelform; tube usually 

 gibbous below; limb 5-toothed. Stamens 3. Ovary 3-celled, but only one 

 ovule-bearing, the other two empty and more or less enlarged in the wingless 

 fruit. 



1. V. Locusta (L.) Betcke. Stem glabrous or pubescent, 2-3 dm. high; 

 basal leaves spatulate or oblanceolate, 3-5 cm. long, entire; upper leaves oblong, 

 sometimes denticulate; corolla blue, about 2 mm. long; fruit flattened, somewhat 

 oval in cross-section, the two empty cells together about equalling the fertile 

 one, the latter corky on the back. V. olitoria (L.) PoU. Waste places: N.Y. — 

 Pa. — La. — Va.; Ida.; nat. from Eu. Ap-Jl. 



3. VALERIANA (Tourn.) L. Valerian, Tobacco-root. 



Perennial herbs, heavy-scented. Leaves opposite, entire to pinnately divided. 

 Flowers perfect or polygamous or polygamo-dioecious. Calyx-limb at first 

 inrolled, at last spreading, developing into 5-15 plumose bristles. CoroUa 

 fimneiform or salver-shaped, 5-lobed; tube often gibbous or saccate at the base. 

 Stamens usually 3. Ovary 1-celled; style slightly 2-3-cleft at the apex. Fruit 

 achene-like, flattened, 1-nerved on one side and 3-nerved on the other. 



Leaves thick, the lower entire or with linear entire divisions, the veining almost parallel ; 

 plants with thick fleshy taproots. 

 Fruit and ovaries pubescent; bracts in the staminate plant linear-lanceolate. 



1. V. edulis. 

 Fruit glabrous. 



Fruit scurfy, muricate or rugose. 



Basal leaves oblanceolate; fruit broadly ovate; corolla of the staminate plant 



2.5-3 mm. wide; root thick. 2. V. trachycarpa. 



Basal leaves narrowly linear-oblanceolate ; fruit narrowly ovate; corolla of 

 staminate flowers less than 2 mm. wide; root rather slender. 



3. V. furfurescens. 

 Fruit smooth, narrowly ovate; inflorescence of staminate plant rather dense, with 

 short branches; corolla 3-4 mm. wide. 4. V. ceratophylla. 



Leaves thin, the cauline ones pinnate; veining distinctly pinnate; plants with rootstocks. 

 Bases of the stem-leaves and nodes of the stem neither cUiate nor bearded ; stem finely 

 pruinose-puberulent. 

 Fruit pilose; flowers perfect. 5. V. piibicarpa. 



Fruit glabrous; plant polygamo-dioecious. 6. V. puberulenta. 



Bases of the stem-leaves and the nodes of the stem cUiate or bearded ; stem otherwise 

 glabrous or slightly pubescent. 

 Ovary and fruit at least when young pubescent. 7. V. micrantha. 



Ovary and fruit glabrous. 



Basal leaf-blades ovate-cordate. 8. V. ovatq. 



Basal leaf-blades spatulate, oval or lanceolate, tapering at the base. 



Corolla of the pistillate plants 2-3 mm. long and shghtly wider; inflor- 

 escence in fruit elongate and narrow. 9. V. septentrionalis. 

 CoroUa of the pistfllate plants 3 mm. or more long ; inflorescence even in 

 frmt short, corymbiform or subcapitate. 

 Lateral leaflets or lobes of the stem-leaves smaU, linear-lanceolate, 



acimiinate. 10. V. acutiloba. 



Lateral leaflets of the stem-leaves ample, ovate to lanceolate, acute. 



CoroUa 3-4 mm. long; leaflets from entire to sUghtly sinuate. 



11. V. occidentalis. 

 CoroUa 5-8 mm. long; leaflets from sinuate to coarsely toothed. 

 Leaflets sinuate or sinuate-denticulate; corolla 5-6 mm. long; 



tube attenuate at the base. 12. V. Scouleri. 



Leaflets coarsely sinuate-dentate; corolla 6-8 mm. long, not con- 

 spicuously narrowed below. 13. V. sitchensis. 



1. V. edulis Nutt. Stem glabrous, 4-10 dm. high; basal leaves thick, ob- 

 lanceolate, 1-2 dm. long, puberulent at least on the veins and margins; upper 

 stem-leaves usually pinnatifid with linear approximate divisions, the upper 

 bracts and the bractlets lanceolate, somewhat scarious, puberulent; coroUa of 

 the staminate flowers yellowish, 3 mm. broad; its tube obpyramidal, 1 mm. high, 

 slightly hairy; corolla of the pistillate flowers less than 1 mm. high and broad; 



