824 CAMPANULACEAE 



10-12 mm. long, at last reflexed; corolla 13-15 mm. long, nearly of the same 

 shape as that of C. petiolala; style exscrted, straight. Woods: Ida. Mont. Jl. 



7. C. aparinoides Pursh. Stem filiform, 2-6 dm. high, retrorsely scabrous 

 on the angles; leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 2-5 cm. long; hypanthium 

 hemispheric; sejials lanceolate, 1.5-2 mm. long; corolla open-campanulate, white 

 or tinged witli blue, cleft beyond the middle, 5-8 mm. long. Wet meadows: 

 N.B.— Ga.— Colo.— Sask. Plain. Je-Au. 



2. SPECULARIA (Heist.) Fabricius. Venus's Looking-glass. 



Annual or biennial herbs. Leaves alternate, sessile or clasping. Flowers of 

 two kinds, the earlier ones cleistogamous, close-fertilized in the bud, with a cahTC 

 of 3-4 sepals and an undeveloped corolla, the latter ones with 5 sepals and a 

 rotate or funnelform corolla. Stamens 5; filaments distinct, linear. Ovary 

 3-celled; stigmas 3. Capsule prismatic or cylindric, opening by pores near the 

 top or the middle. [Legoiizia Durande.] 



Leaves cordate-clasping; capsule oblong. 1. S. pcrfoliata. 



Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate; capsule linear-cylindric. 2. S. Icptocarpa. 



1. S. perfoliata (L.) A. DC. Stem 2-5 dm. high, retrorsely hispid on the 

 angles, leafy; leaves round-cordate, crenate, 7-20 mm. long, clasping or the lower 

 merely sessile; sepals of the earlier flowers 3 or 4, 2-3 mm. long, longer than the 

 rudimentary corolla, those of the later flowers 5, lanceolate-subulate, 4-5 mm. 

 long; corolla 7-10 mm. long, almost rotate; capsule opening at or below the 

 middle. Hillsides and dry woods: Me.^ — Fla. — Ariz. — Ore. — B.C.; Mex. Plain 

 —Mont. My-S. 



2. S. leptocarpa (Nutt.) A. Gray. Stem erect, 1-3 dm. high, retrorsely his- 

 pidulous; leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, 1-3 cm. long; sepals of the 

 earlier flowers 3, subulate, 5 mm. long; sepals of the later flowers 5, subulate, 

 8-10 mm. long; corolla broadly funnelform, 6-8 mm. long; capsules opening near 

 the apex. Dry soil: Mo. — Ark.— Tex.— Colo.— Mont. Mj^-Jl. 



3. HETEROCODON Nutt. 



Slender annuals. Leaves alternate, sessile. Flowers of two kinds, the 

 earlier cleistogamous, with rudmientary corolla. Calyx with short tube and 5 

 large foliaceous lobes. Corolla of the later flowers blue, 5-lobed. Capsule obo- 

 void, 3-angled, 3-celled, many-seeded, thin and membranous, bursting irregu- 

 larly on the sides. Seeds oblong, obscurely triangular. 



1. H. rariflorum Nutt. Annual; stem slender, deUcate, diffusely spreading, 

 1-3 dm. high; leaves orbicidar, cordate-clasping, coarsely dentate, 5-10 mm. in 

 diameter; hypanthiimi campanulate, hispid; sepals ovate, 2 mm. long, dentate 

 and ciliate; corolla of the early flowers rudimentary, that of the later ones 3-6 

 mm. long, campanulate. Shady grassy places: B.C. — Ida. — Nev. — Calif. Son. 

 My-S. 



Family 131. LOBELIACEAE. Lobelia Family. 



Annual or perennial herbs, or in warmer climates trees. Leaves alternate, 

 without stipules, in ours simple. Flowers perfect, rarely dioecious, irregu- 

 lar. Hypanthium enclosing the ovary. Calyx of 5 almost distinct sepals. 

 Corolla 2-lipped ; upper Hi) 2-clef t, often to or nearly to the base of the corolla ; 

 lower lip longer, less deeply 3-lobed. Stamens 5, epigynous; filaments often 

 coherent into a tube; anthers usually united or merely connate. Gynoecium 

 of 2-5 united carpels. Ovary single, 2-5 celled; styles terminal, wholly 

 united; stigmas fringed. Fruit a 1-several-celled capsule or rarely a berry. 

 Seeds numerous, smooth or furrowed; endosperm fleshy; embryo straight. 



Anthers distinct, merely surrounding the pistil ; stem-leaves reduced, subulate, bract-like. 



1. Nemacladus. 

 Anthers united; stem-leaves developed. 



Hypantliium cylindric or Unear-clavatc; pod at maturity 1-celled. 



