838 CARDUACEAE 



Ray-flowers fertile; achenes winged; pappus-awns without inter- 

 mediate squamcllae. 77. XniENESlA. 

 b. Achenes obcompressed ; paleae flat or hardly concave; involucres dis- 

 tinctly double. 

 Bracts of the involucres distinct or nearly so. 



Pappxis in ours of small teeth, a mere border, or wanting. 



78. Coreopsis. 

 Pappus of 2-4 barbed or hispid awns. 79. Bidexs. 



Bracts of the inner involucre iinited at least to near the middle. 



80. Thelespei»l\. 

 2. Pappiis of 5-niany, linear to lanceolate squamellae with thickened axis and 

 hyaUne margins. 

 Kays fertile; paleae of the receptacle thin and scarious; pappus-squameUae 



fimbriate. 81. PTrLONELL.\. 



Rays sterile; paleae of the receptacle bristle- form ; pappus-squamellae not 

 fimbriate. 110. GArLL.\RDi.\. 



B. Bract.s of the involucres uniserial, partly or wholly enclosing the achenes of the fer- 

 tile ray-flowers; plants glandular- \'iscid. 

 Achenes of the inconspicuous rays laterally compressed and enclosed in the con- 

 duplicately infolded involucral bract.s. 

 Disk-flowers several; corolla hairy; stout annuals with sessile or short-peduncled 



heads. 82. M.\dia. 



Disk-flowers soUtary; corolla glabrous; slender low annuals with small heads on 

 filiform peduncles. 83. H.\epaecarpus. 



Achenes of the ray-flowers with broad and roimded backs, or more commonly obcom- 

 pressed. 

 Ligules of the ray-flowers minute; achenes completely invested by the whole 

 involucral bract; disk-flowers solitary; heads small and short-peduncled. 



84. HE^^zoxELL.^.. 

 Ligules of the ray-flowers conspicuous; achenes enclosed in the basal portion of 

 the bracts, the dilated margins of which axe abruptly infolded ; disk-flowers 

 several or many. 

 Ray -flowers about 5, with deeply 3-cleft ligules; disk-flowers sterile, without 



pappus. 85. L.\gophylIj.\. 



Ray-flowers 8-20, with merely 3-lobed or toothed ligules; disk-flowers mostly 

 fertile with pappus of 5-20 bristles. 86. Bleph^^ripappus. 



Tribe 7. HELENIAE. 



I. Ligules persistent and becoming papery on the striate achenes; plants more or less 



woolly. 

 Pappus of scales; rays 3-4, very broad; involucres of 4-10 coriaceous woolly bracts. 



87. PSILOSTROPHE. 



Pappus none; rays 5-50; involucres of numerous thin herbaceous bracts. 



88. Baileta. 



II. Ligules deciduous or none. 



A. Achenes flat with only marginal nerves; disk-corollas 4-toothed. 

 Pappus none or of a single bristle; bracts distinct; suffruticose plants. 



89. MONOTHRIX. 



Pappiis of a lacerate-cUiate crown and sometimes with an additional pair of short 

 awns; bracts more or less connate; not suffruticose plants. 



90. Pericome. 



B. Achenes angled, not flat, nerved or striate. 

 1. Receptacle naked. 



a. Bracts of the involucres pale or colored, at least the margins and tips scari- 



ous. 

 Corollas of the disk-flowers with reflexed or spreading lobes ; bracts of the 

 broadly campanulate involucres obovate or broadly oblong. 

 Heads discoid. 96. Hymenopappus. 



Heads radiate; ligiiles obscurely toothed, yellowish or white. 



97. LEUCAilPYX. 



Corolla of the disk-flowers with linear, erect lobes; bracts of the tiu-binate 

 involucres spatulate to hnear-oblanceolate in two series ; ligules if pres- 

 ent deeply cleft, purple. 98. Othake. 



b. Bracts of the involucres neither colored nor scarious. 



Pappus of numerous barbellulate white biistles, somewhat broadened and 

 united ao the base mto a ring. 104. Syxtrichopappus. 



Pappus of scales or wanting. 



Achenes either linear-prismatic or clavate-obpyramidal, i. c, very 

 elongate. 

 Bracts more or less carinate-concave and partly enfolding the 

 achenes; leaves more or less floccose woolly. 

 Low and diffuse ^vinter annuals; anther-tips subulate; bracts 

 herbaceoiis; tube of the disk-corollas equalling the throat. 



103. Antheropeas. 

 Perennials; anther-tips obtuse; bracts Arm; tube of the disk- 

 coroUas shorter than the tliroat. 102. Eriophyllum. 

 Bracts wholly herbaceous, broad and flat or merely concave, not 

 embracing the achenes; plants not floccose-lanate. 

 FoUage impressed-pimctate; leaves at least the lower opposite. 

 Perennials, suffruticose at the base; leaf-segments oblong to 

 linear. 91. Picradeniopsis. 



