932 CARDUACEAE 



divaricate, lanceolate or elongate-deltoid, 5-15 cm. long, gradually attenuate 

 above, rounded at the base, 3-ribbed, scabrous on both sides; involucres about 1 

 cm. high and 2 cm. broad; bracts narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, hirsute-ciliate 

 on the margins, hirsutulous on the back; ligules 8-12, about 2 cm. long. Drj' 

 ground: Que. — Fla. — La. — Sask. Plain. Jl-S. 



9. H. Maximiliani Schrad. Perennial, with a thick rootstock; stem 5-30 

 dm. high, scabrous-hispidulous; leaves mostly alternate and subsessile, lanceolate 

 to Unear, entire or denticulate, 5-15 cm. long, 1-ribbed, very scabrous on both 

 sides; heads many in a narrow panicle; involucres about 1.5 cm. high and 3 cm. 

 wide; bracts lanceolate-subulate, long-attenuate, strigose-canescent or somewhat 

 hispidulous; ligides golden yellow, 15-30 mm. long. Prairies, plains, and river 

 banks: Man. — Mo. — Tex. — Wyo. — B.C. Plain — Submont. 



10. H. giganteus L. Perennial, with a rootstock, some of the roots often 

 becoming fusiform; stem 1-3 m. high, more or less hirsute; leaves lanceolate or 

 oblong-lanceolate, 5-15 cm. long, scabrous above, hinsutulous beneath, short- 

 petioled or subsessile, serrulate or denticulate, rarely entire; heads in an open 

 panicle; involucres 12-15 mm. high and about 3 cm. broad; bracts linear-lanceo- 

 late, attenuate, hirsute-ciliate; hgules pale yellow, 1.5-2 cm. long. Low ground: 

 Me.— Fla.— La.— Colo.— B.C. Plain. Au-S. 



11. H. subtuberosus Bourgeau. Perennial, with tubers; stem 3-6 dm. 

 high, glabrous or nearly so; leaves short-petioled, opposite; blades narrowly 

 lanceolate, acute at both ends, finely serrate, scabrous-hispidulous above, hir- 

 sutulous beneath, 5-8 cm. long; involucres about 1.5 cm. high, 2.5-3 cm. wide; 

 bracts linear-lanceolate or subulate, attenuate, hirsute, the outer spreading; 

 ligides about 3 cm. long; disk yellow. Valleys and plains: Sask. — Minn. — Wyo. 

 — Mont. Plain. Jl-Au. 



12. H. Cusickii A. Gray. Perennial, with thick fleshy root; stem 3-6 dm. 

 high, usually several; leaves subsessUe, linear-lanceolate, hirsutulous, triple- 

 veined; heads solitary; involucres 12-15 mm. high; bracts linear-lanceolate, at- 

 tenuate, rather loose, hirsute; ligules about 2.5 cm. long. Dry sandy soil: Ore. 

 —Wash.— Ida.— B.C. Son. My-Jl. 



13. H. grosse-serratus Martens. Perennial; stem 1-3 m. high, glabrous 

 and often purplish; leaves alternate, or some opposite, short-petioled; blades 

 elongate-lanceolate, 1-2.5 dm. long, gradually acuminate, sharply serrate, 

 sUghtly scabrous above, paler and short-pubescent beneath; heads in an open 

 panicle; involucre about 1.5 cm. high, 2.5-3 cm. wide; bracts Unear-subulate, 

 attenuate; ligules golden yellow, 2-3 cm. long. Plains and prairies: N.Y. — Pa. 

 —Tex.— N.M.— Utah— Sask. Plain. Au-S. 



14. H. fascicularis Greene. Perennial, with a rootstock and fusiform thick- 

 ened roots; stem glabrous and somewhat glaucous, 5-10 dm. high; leaves alter- 

 nate or the lower opposite, 7-15 cm. long, short-petioled; blades lanceolate or 

 linear-lanceolate, scabrous on both sides; heads iii an open panicle; involucres 

 about 1.5 cm. high and 3 cm. broad; bracts linear-subulate, attenuate; ligides 

 14-18, deep yellow, 2.5-3 cm. long; disk yellowish brown. H. giganleus utahen- 

 sis D. C. Eat. H. utahensis A. Nels. (?) H. coloradensis Cockerell. Closely 

 related to H. subtuberosus and Nuttallii. Mountain valleys: Sask. — N.M. — 

 Ariz. — Alta. Plain — Submont. Au-S. 



15. H. Nuttallii T. & G. Perennial; stem glabrous, strict, 3-8 dm. high; 

 leaves alternate or opposite, linear or narrowly linear-lanceolate, 5-10 cm. long, 

 entire or denticulate, scabrous-hispidulous on both sides; branches of the panicle 

 erect; involucres about 1.5 cm. high, 2.5 cm. wide; bracts narrowly Unear-subu- 

 late, attenuate, grayish hirsutulous, sparingly, if at all, ciliate at the base; hgules 

 2-2.5 cm. long. Dry plains: Alta. — Wyo. — Utah — Ida. Plain. Jl-S. 



74. ENCELIA Adans. 



Annual or perennial herbs or shrubby plants, ours shrubs with white branches. 

 Leaves alternate or opposite, mostly ovate. Heads radiate or rarely discoid, 

 peduncled. Involucres hemispheric or flattened. Receptacle convex, chaffy. 



