998 CARDUACEAE 



86. S. cognatus Greene. Stem nearly seapiform, 2-3 dm. high, shghtly 

 floccose; basal leaves slendcr-])etioled ; blades obovate, with cuneate bases, 2-4 

 cm. long, crenate, except at the base, grayish tomentulose; lower stem-leaves 

 oblanceolatc, pinnately lobed, the rest very small and bract-like; heads 2-10; 

 involucres campanulate, about 8 mm. high, shorter than the disk; bracts Unear, 

 acute, scarious-margined; ligules light yellow, 6-8 mm. long, over 2 mm. broad; 

 achenes shghtly hispidulous on the angles. Dry lowlands and mountains: Colo. 

 Jl-Au. 



87. S. pentodontus Greene. Stem scapiform, 5-20 cm. high, slightly floc- 

 cose; basal leaves petioled; blades obovate, 1-4 cm. long, crenate or dentate 

 above the middle, or entire, rather thick, loosely floccose when yoimg; stem-leaves 

 much reduced, the lower oblanceolate, the upper subulate; heads 1-5, slender- 

 peduncled; involucres campanulate, about 1 cm. high; bracts linear-lanceolate, 

 acute, slightly floccose below; ligules yellow, about 8 mm. long; achenes striate, 

 glabrous. Alpine mountain sides: Wyo. — N.M. Sithmont. Jl-Au. 



88. S. ovinus Greene. Stem less than 1 dm. high, decumbent at the base; 

 basal leaves short-petioled; blades orbicular, oval or obovate, some entire and 

 some dentate; stem-leaves, at least the lower ones, lyrate-pinnatifid, floccose 

 when young; heads mostly solitary, about 1 cm. high; involucres hemispheric; 

 bracts linear-lanceolate, acute, often purple-tinged; ligules 12-15, yellow, 7-8 

 mm. long; achenes glabrous. S. Lxjallii Klatt, not Hook. S. contcrminus 

 Greenm. High mountains: Alta. — Mont. — B.C. Alp. — Subalp. Je-Au. 



89. S. turbinatus Rydb. Stem scapiform, about 1.5 dm. high, more or 

 less floccose; basal leaf-blades cuneate-obovate, thick, 2-3 cm. long, 8-18 mm. 

 wide, loosely floccose when young, dentate above the middle, rounded at the 

 apex, tapering below into the petioles; heads about 4, about 12 mm. high, turbin- 

 ate, floccose at the base; bracts linear, gradually acute; ligules pale yellow, 8-9 

 mm. long. Mountains: Colo. 



90. S. alpicola Rydb. Stem less than 5 cm. high, glabrous or tomentose 

 when young; basal leaves 1-3 cm. long; blades thick, elliptic, entire or rarely 

 sinuately 3-toothed at the apex, with slightly winged petioles; stem-leaves re- 

 duced to small bracts; heads solitary, about 1 cm. high; bracts linear-lanceolate, 

 green or slightly purplish, equalling the disk; ligules lemon yellow, about 8 mm. 

 long; achenes glabrous. High mountains: Mont. Alp. Jl. 



91. S. werneriaefolius A. Gray. Stem adsurgent at the base, 1-2 dm. 

 high, floccose, tardily glabrate; basal leaves niunerous, petioled; blades 1-5 cm. 

 long, from oval to linear-oblong, entire or some sinuately 3-toothed at the apex, 

 tomentose or in age glabrate, thick; stem-leaves bract-like, linear or subulate; 

 heads 1-8, corymbose, 9-12 mm. high; involucres densely floccose at the base; 

 bracts linear-lanceolate, slightly scarious-margined; ligules 5-9, bright yellow, 

 5-7 mm. long; achenes glabrous. S. scaposus A. Nels., and S. perennans A. Nels., 

 a broad-leaved form. High mountains: Wyo. — -Colo. Mont. — Subalp. 



92. S. pacificus (Greene) Rydb. Stem glabrous, 6-10 dm. high, hollow; 

 basal leaves petioled, 2-3 dm. long; blades thick, oblanceolate, entire or sinuate- 

 dentate; stem-leaves narrowly lanceolate, half-clasping; inflorescence corymbose- 

 cymose; heads 8-10 mm. high; involucres campanulate, glabrous; bracts linear 

 or oblong, scarious-margined; achenes glabrous. S. hydrophilus pacificus Greene. 

 Wet places: Calif. — ^Nev. — Ida.— Wash. Je-0. 



93. S. hydrophilus Nutt. Stem 5-20 dm. high, striate, hollow, strict and 

 simjjle; basal leaves generally long-petioled, 1-3 dm. long, thick, oblanceolate 

 and entire; stem-leaves subsessile, lanceolate, oblong or linear, the upper much 

 reduced and bract-like; heads numerous; involucres cylindric-campanulate, about 

 1 cm. high and 5-8 mm. broad; bracts oblong, thin, membranous-margined, 

 acute, more or less black-tipped, shorter than the disk; ligules few, light yellow, 

 about 5 mm. long; achenes glabrous. Swampy places: S.D. — Colo. — Calif. — 

 B.C. Plain — Submont. Je-Au. 



94. S. hydrophiloides Rydb. Stem 6-8 dm. high; lower leaves with long 

 winged petioles; blades rather thick, oblanceolate, sinuate-dentate, the upper 



