UTILIZING WATEE. 145 



to beautify the pleasure ground, needs much aid from 

 the hand of nature, for unless we have high ground and 

 low ground, and command of water from the higher 

 level, we cannot do much. In large towns the water 

 companies do for us what nature, or expensive hydraulic 

 apparatus, must do in remote country localities ; but if 

 there chance to be a force pump to the house, an up- 

 stairs cistern may be made to help the water service in 

 the garden; and an intelligent working plumber can 

 easily fix the necessary pipes. A basin or tank for water 

 must be properly puddled or cemented by workmen who 

 are thorough adepts at the kind of work, for employing 

 any one who is not so will only lead to disappointment 

 and endless delay. Fountains are turned on or off at 

 pleasure, as few reservoirs are so abundantly supplied as 

 to admit of their being left always playing. The pipes 

 used must be strong and good, or they will not resist the 

 pressure ; they should be so fixed as to be safe from frost, 

 and placed on a slope, to avoid accumulations of sediment. 

 The water of the Emperor fountain at Chatsworth rises 

 to a height of 267 feet. The fountain will not rise so 

 high as the water in the reservoir by a great deal, on 

 account of the resistance of the air at the place where 

 it discharges, and of the friction of the pipe. 



Where there is a natural sheet of water at command, 

 its pretty effect may be increased by making the planting 

 round it appropriate. Weeping Willows always look 

 graceful and pretty, and of course do well on the verge 

 of a pond or stream : they grow readily from cuttings of 

 ripened shoots, planted in a moist soil in autumn. 

 Napoleon's Willow, from the willow which grows on the 

 grave of the ex- emperor is different from our common 

 willow, and of slower growth, The flowering rush, 

 Butomus unibellatus, is a handsome aquatic plant with 

 fine heads of pink flowers ; it should be planted or 

 sown in the water. If the piece of water, or basin, be 

 artificial, it is advisable, after it is made thoroughly 

 watertight by puddling with clay, or by cement, to 

 spread a layer of loam five inches thick over the bottom 

 for the nourishment of the roots which are to grow in 



