PREFACE v 



down the Hood River valley, Oregon, across the gorge of the 

 Columbia, with Mt. Adams in the background. It is used 

 by the courtesy of the United States Reclamation Service. 

 The lower view is from one of Bailey Willis's photographs of 

 Shingkung, China, and shows desert conditions, man-made 

 within the short space of about the last two centuries. With 

 complete deforestation of the mountains, the once fertile 

 valley has been buried under the wash of floods, which, 

 alternating with burning droughts, have made the country 

 uninhabitable. We are indebted for use of the print to 

 the Carnegie and Smithsonian institutions. 



The idea of the book is expressed at a glance in the fron- 

 tispiece, the question " Which ? " being applicable to every 

 landscape and home in the world. 



C. F. H. 



J. D. 



