156 CIVIC BIOLOGY 



scale insects (oyster-shell scale Mytilaspis pomorum ; scurfy scale 

 Chionaspis furfurus ; San Jos6 scale, Chinese pernicious scale Aspid'r 

 otus perniciosus, the worst fruit-tree pest on the American continent; 

 cottony cushion scale Icerya purchasi) ; apple-tree enemies (yellow- 

 necked apple-tree caterpillar Datana ministra ; red-humped apple-tree 

 caterpillar (Edemasia concinna ; apple sphinx, or hawk moth Sphinx 

 f/orflius ; apple maggot, " railroad worm " Rhagoletis pomonetla) ; enemies 

 of small fruits (strawberry crown borer, weevil Tyloderma fragrance, ; 

 strawberry root borer Anarsia lineatella; currant borer, American 

 Psenocerus supernotatus , currant borer, imported JEgeria tipuliformis ; 

 grapevine root beetle Prionus laticollis ; grape-berry moth Polychrosix 

 botrana ; grape, gartered plume moth Oxyptilus periscelidacl ylus ; rose 

 chafer Macrodactylus sulmpinosus) ; plant lice (aphids, grape Phyl- 

 loxera vastatrix ; woolly apple louse Schizoneura lanigera : cherry louse 



Myzm cerasi). 



VEGETABLE, GRAIN, AND COTTON PESTS : Colorado potato beetle 

 Doryphora 10-lineata ; striped cucumber beetle Diabrotica vittata ; as- 

 paragus beetle Crloceris axparayi ; June beetle (May bug in the South) 



Lachnosterna fasca and others; flea beetles Halticinl] blister or oil 

 beetles Meloidfc ; cutworms Noctuidcc (larvae of a number of owlet 

 moths or noctuids) ; sphinx moths (tobacco, South Phlegethontius sexta: 

 tomato Phlef/ethontius quinquemaculata) ; cabbage worm, imported 

 Pontla rapa> ; cabbage looper A utograpltcr brassicce ; cabbage and rad- 

 ish maggot Pegomyia foassicai ; onion maggot Phorbia ceparum ; 

 cotton worm Aletia argillacea; boll worm (corn-ear and tomato worm 

 of the North) Heliothis armigera ; army worm Leucania unipuncta ; 

 Hessian fly ^fcrisus destructor; corn-root aphis Aphis maidi-radicis: 

 grain aphis or " green bug " Toxoptera gramineum ; chinch bug Bllssus 

 leucopterm ; squash bug A nasa tristis ; grasshoppers (Rocky Mountain 

 locust) Melanoplus spretus; red-legged locust Melanoplus femur- 

 rubrum 



FOREST AND SHADE-TREE ENEMIES: Gypsy moth Ocneria dispar 

 (one of our most difficult problems) ; brown-tail moth Euproctischrys- 

 orrhea (a national problem) ; elm-leaf beetle Galerucella luteola ; white- 

 marked tussock moth Notolophus leucostigma ; cottony maple scale 

 Pulvinaria innumerabilis. 



Most of the Hymenoptera are highly beneficial insects, but 

 among them are a few so injurious and troublesome that 

 every member of a community ought to know them. These 



