360 



CIVIC BIOLOGY 



prepare a five-minute story to tell to the class. By timing 

 these stories so that they follow in orderly sequence we may 

 have the history of our science presented in an effective 

 way. The aim is to kindle and foster the spirit of these men, 

 so that increase in knowledge and progress in discovery may 

 be assured from generation to generation. A number of names 

 have been included for sake of completeness. The more im- 

 portant and those especially interesting on account of their 

 contributions to civic biology are printed in black-faced type. 1 



1551 Gesner: gathered first botani- 

 Xenophanes : first to recog- 

 nize fossils as proving that 

 the earth was formed under 

 the sea and rose out of it 1560 



-Heraclitus: often called the 1583 

 first evolutionist ; he first 

 advanced the principle, irdv- 1 590 

 TO. peT (all things flow) 



B.C. 

 540 



500 



450 Empedocles : first to suggest 1603 

 natural selection and sur- 

 vival of the fittest 1603 



400 Hippocrates: called "the Father. 



of Medicine 11 1622 



350 Aristotle : founder of zoology 



320 Theophrastus : first botanist 1<>49 



320 Erasistratusl _ 



,., Y first anatomists ,<,** 

 300 Herophilus J 16oO 



A.D. 

 79 Pliny: wrote first popular nat- 1661 



ural history 



160 Galen : founded medical physi- 

 ology 

 1542 Vesalius: founder of modern 



anatomy 1667 



1548 Falloppio : anatomist 



cal garden (of fruits and 

 flowers) and first zoological 

 museum 



Eustachio : anatomist 



Caesalpinus: classified plants 

 by flowers 



Janssen, J. and Z. : discovered 

 compound microscope 



Fabricius : discovered valves 

 in the veins 



Harvey : discovered circulation 

 of the blood 



Ascello : discovered the lac- 

 teals 



Rudbeck : discovered the lym- 

 phatics 



Swammerdam : first great stu- 

 dent of insects in relation 

 to plants and medicine 



Malpighi: discovered the capil- 

 laries in the lungs ; founded 

 modern embryology by a 

 study of the incubation of 

 the chick (1672) 



Leeuwenhoek : first to see bac- 

 teria 



1 Historical books to which the class should have access for this work 

 are Locy, Biology and its Makers, New York, 1908 ; Baas, Outlines of the 

 History of Medicine (translated by Handerson), New York, 1889 ; Mial, 

 History of Biology, New York and London, 1911. 



