PROGRESS IX DISCOVERY 



361 



1668 Redi : disproved spontaneous 

 generation of insects by 

 the discovery of eggs and 1794 

 larvae ; wrote ff Esperienze 

 intorno alia Generazione 

 degl' Insetti " 



1670 Mayow : studied animal res- 1796 



piration 1 796 



1671 Hooke : worked out micro- 



scopical structure of plants 1800 

 1680 Borelli: proved that all the 



movements of animals are 



caused by muscles pulling 1801 



on bone levers; wrote "De 



Motu Animalium" 

 1682 Grew : studied structure of 



plants 



1693 Ray : classified plants 1801 



1727 Hales: investigated respiration 



of plants 



1743 Haller : father of modern 



physiology 



1744 Re'aumur : studied insects 1804 

 1749 Buff on : wrote a natural his- 

 tory 1807 



1753 Linnaeus: classified plants 



1761 Kolreuter: studied hybridiza- 

 tion of plants 1811 



1 76 1 Bonnet : evolutionist ; grouped 

 animals in an ascending se- 

 ries 1818 



1772 Rutherford : discovered ni- 

 trogen 1823 



1774 Priestley: discovered oxygen 



and studied the breathing 

 of plants 



1775 Spallanzani : disproved spon- 



taneous generation of bac- 1830 

 teria and molds and demon- 1835 

 strated presence of living 1838 

 germs in the air 



1789 Galvani : discovered animal 1838 



electricity 



1 790 Goethe : worked out a scheme 



for the metamorphosis of 

 the parts of plants 



Darwin, Erasmus : grandfather 

 of Charles Darwin ; wrote 

 " Zoonomia," a long poem 

 outlining evolution of life 



Jenner : discovered vaccination 



Sprengel : studied fertilization 

 of plants 



Cuvier : studied comparative 

 anatomy ; wrote "Le Regne 

 animal," 1817 



Lamarck: invented a scheme 

 for the evolution of animals 

 (by conscious effort and in- 

 heritance of acquired char- 

 acters ; not proved) 



Treviranus : introduced the 

 name "biology" as dis- 

 tinguished from "botany," 

 ' f zoology, " n physiology, ' ' 

 "anatomy," etc. 



Humboldt : studied distribu- 

 tion of plants 



Rumford, Count : demon- 

 strated absorption of car- 

 bonic acid by plants 



Bell, Charles : discovered mo- 

 tor and sensory nerve roots ; 

 founder of modern neurology 



G. St. Hilaire : pointed out 

 unity of plan in animals 



Baer : discovered the law of 

 einbryological development 

 (higher forms repeat the 

 evolutionary series as the 

 embryos develop) 



Brown : described cell nucleus 



Dujardin : studied protoplasm 



Schleiden : discovered the cell 

 as unit of structure in plants 



Schwann : discovered the cell 

 as unit of structure in ani- 

 mals 



