ANTHEAX. 13 



probably by means of the protoplasm of the axis cylinders. 

 Experimentally the incubation period, other things being equal, 

 is directly proportional to the length of these nerves. 



When large doses of toxin are produced, the poison may be 

 also carried to the central nervous system by the blood stream. 



A very characteristic symptom in tetanus is the painful 

 spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm, which gives rise to 

 severe epigastric pain radiating to the back. 



The antitoxin of tetanus maybe administered by injection into 

 the theca of the spinal cord, by subdural injection, or by injection 

 into the brain itself, these methods affording the most direct 

 route to the central nervous system in which the toxin becomes 

 locked up. 



A peculiar form of the disease known as cephalic tetanus 

 occurs when the focus of infection is in the facial nerve area. 

 In this form the facial nerve becomes paralysed, possibly from 

 compression of the swollen trunk by its bony canal. 



Anthrax. Anthrax is a specific disease dependent upon 

 inoculation with the bacillus anthracis, usually derived from 

 the bodies or skins of infected animals. It is possible that 

 inhalation of infected dust or ingestion of infected foods may 

 give rise to the disease. Wool-sorters, butchers, farmers, 

 veterinary surgeons, tanners, and pathologists are all liable to 

 have abrasions of the fingers, hands, forearms, or face infected 

 with the characteristic bacillus ; hence it comes about that the 

 malignant pustule, the evidence of the site of inoculation, most 

 commonly occurs on these parts. The bacteria are rapidly 

 carried over the whole body by the blood stream. 



Glanders. Almost always glanders in the human subject 

 arises by infection from diseased animals, most frequently 

 horses, by the virus being blown from the nostrils of the 

 affected animal into the eyes, nose, or mouth of the horsekeeper, 

 ostler, farrier, veterinary surgeon, or slaughterer. The disease is 

 spread from the primarily infected mucous membrane by the 

 lymphatics, and lymphangitis and lymphadenitis are common 

 occurrences. The vascular system also transmits the virus, 



