CLASSIFICATION 47 



large size of the individuals and the invagination of the abdomen 

 in the adult female to form a pouch for carrying the eggs so that 

 there are only two or at most three abdominal segments exposed 

 is characteristic. The presence of the anus and vulva ~at the 

 cephalic end of the pouch and the apparent absence of most of the 

 abdominal spiracles is to be expected. 



The subfamily Coccinae includes the most specialized species 

 of the Generalized Coccids. They differ from the four subfamilies 

 just described in the retention of the rostralis. In this feature 

 they agree with the Monophlebinae, from which they are not readily 

 differentiated. The most striking features are the few segmented 

 antennae, the absence of abdominal spiracles, the presence of short 

 blunt truncated setae, and the presence of ocellanae in the adult 

 male instead of compound eyes. This last feature separates them 

 from the five other subfamilies. The absence of anal lobes and an 

 anal ring not only in all nymphal stages but in the adult female 

 together with the characteristic form of the abdomen precludes the 

 association of the subfamily with the Specialized Coccids. The 

 presence of ocellanae in the adult male and the absence of 

 abdominal spiracles in all stages of the female would necessitate 

 the association of the group, if placed with the Specialized Coccids, 

 with the most specialized members of this series. The structure 

 of the species of the Coccinae makes this impossible. 



As is common with other groups, the second series, the 

 Specialized Coccids, includes not only the largest groups, but those 

 showing the greatest departure from the form and structure found 

 in the Monophlebinae. This series is divisible into two marked 

 types, the Anal Ring Type and the Pygidial Type. The anal ring 

 is evidently older phylogenetically than the anal lobes, because in 

 the two subfamilies, Ortheziinae and Phenacoleachiinae, which are 

 recognized as the most generalized of the series, a well devloped 

 anal ring is present in both but there is no indication of anal lobes 

 in any stage of any of the species of either group. The retention 

 of compound eyes with ocelli, three at least in one species, in the 

 adult male and of several pairs of abdominal spiracles in the 

 females of many species is strong evidence in corroberation of the 

 consideration of the species of this subfamily as the most generalized 

 of the Specialized Coccids. This is further substantiated by the 

 long many segmented antennae, the distinctly segmented abdomen, 

 and the retention of legs in all stages. The cerores of the Orthe- 

 ziinae, which are characteristic in form, differentiate them, so far 



