CLASSIFICATION 57 



i. Abdomen elongate, much longer than head and 

 thorax together, lateral margins strongly con- 

 vergent caudad; anal lobes strongly chitinized, 

 divergent, pointed, and prominent; metathor- 

 acic coxae twice as far apart as prothoracic 

 coxae. APIOMOBPHINAE. 



ii. Abdomen not decidedly elongate, subequal in 

 length to head and thorax together; lateral 

 margins usually not strongly convergent caudad, 

 usually with anal lobes, but these not pointed, 

 divergent, strongly chitinized projections; 

 metathoracic coxae at most only slightly farther 

 apart than prothoracic coxae. 



j. Body bearing numerous cerores excreting 

 powdery or mealy wax, forming covering for 

 the body, cerores often associated with setae 

 and forming cerarae; anal ring usually bear- 

 ing anal ring setae, setae sometimes small, 

 reduced in number, less than six or wanting, 



usually similar to or more than in adult 



ERIOCOCCINAE. 



jj. Body practically without or with only few 

 cerores; mealy or powdery wax, if present, 

 limited to the ventral aspect; only first 

 nymphal stage and adult female have been 

 described. KERMESIINAJE. 



cc. Abdomen always longitudinally cleft at caudal end and with an 

 operculum on each side of cleft; cuticle not or only rarely pro- 

 vided with octacerores; rostrum consisting of single segment; 

 anal ring situated at cephalic end of lumen of anal tube and 



concealed externally unless exserted. LECANIINAE. 



bb. Legs always present and body always covered with leaf-like 

 scale without exuviae; tibio-tarsal suture always obsolete; body 

 with only few cerores, never with pilacerores; abdominal spir- 

 acles limited to single pair on first abdominal segment 



CONCHASPINAE. 



L. Abdomen with caudal end always strongly chitinized and flattened, 

 forming pygidium fringed with pectinae or plates and bearing 

 ceratubae; legs and antennae always wanting and body always 

 covered by leaf-like scale with exuviae DIASPIDINAE. 



ADULT FEMALES 



i. Abdomen of adult female with all segments separate and flexible 

 or all segments fused and inflexible, but never divided into two 

 regions, cephalic series of four flexible movable segments forming 

 preabdomen and caudal series of fused inflexible segments forming 

 pygidium bearing plates or pectinae; dorsal aspect of abdomen with 

 or without cerores but never with ceratubae. 

 b. Legs present or wanting, if present, never with body covered 



