CHAPTER VI 



SUBFAMILY KUWANIINAE 



The Sinoran Coccids 



The body of the adult female is rotund or convex on the dorsal 

 and flat on the ventral aspect. It is elongate elliptical, broadest in the 

 thoracic region. The lateral and caudal margins are convex, not sub- 

 transverse. The segments are well denned. The caudal end is not 

 inflated and the cephalic and lateral margins are not provided with a 

 keel. The antennae are prominent, consist of eight to ten segments, and 

 are articulated to the ventral aspect of the head near each lateral 

 margin. The eyes are present. There is a single ocellana located on 

 each side of the head near the articulation of an antenna. The mouth- 

 parts, rostrum and rostralis, are always wanting. The legs are present. 

 They are subequal in length and normal in form. The profemora are 

 never enlarged and the prothoracic legs are never fitted for digging. The 

 trochanto-femoral and the tibio-tarsal sutures of all the legs are always 

 distinct. The spiracles of the mesothorax and metathorax are normal 

 in form and ventral in position. The mesothoracic spiracles are never 

 located near the anus. The abdominal spiracles are located on the 

 ventral or subventral aspects, are variable in number, and are never 

 large in size. The spiracular tracheae of the abdominal spiracles are 

 provided with one or more rings of cerores. The stigmatic clefts, spinae, 

 and canellae are wanting. The abdomen is about as long as or longer 

 than the head and thorax together. It is convex on the dorsal and 

 ventral aspects, never depressed. The lateral margins are convex or 

 subconvex and the caudal end is convex, never subtruncated. All the 

 segments are fully exposed and similar in appearance with distinct 

 coriae between them, none are retracted to form a marsupium. The 

 abdomen is never provided with an anal cleft and opercula, an anal ring 

 and anal ring setae, or anal lobes and anal setae. The caudal abdominal 

 segment is never short and narrow and extending beyond the other seg- 

 ments. The body is provided with cerores, none of which are octacerores 

 or pilacerores, and is never provided with ceratubae. The body is never 

 enclosed in a resinous cell with three adjacent openings or covered by 

 a scale with or without exuviae. It may be covered more or less or 

 associated with white mealy or powdery wax or loose filaments of wax. 

 The rectum is never provided with a long glassy tube of wax or with a 

 chitinized rectal tube bearing rings of anacerores. The body is never 

 naked and gall-like in form. 



The female nymphs of all stages are provided with a rostrum of two 

 or three segments and a long rostralis. The three pairs of legs are 

 always present in first nymphal stage, so far as known, wanting in 

 all others. The profemora are never greatly enlarged and the 



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