SUBFAMILY KUWANIINAE 77 



prothoracic legs are never fitted for digging. The body is never provided 

 with .an anal cleft and opercula, an anal ring and anal ring setae, anal 

 lobes and anal setae, octacerores, pilacerores, or ceratubae. The caudal 

 end of the rectum is not chitinized, forming a rectal tube provided with 

 one or more rings of anacerores excreting a long glassy tube of wax. 

 The caudal abdominal segment is not short, narrow, and projecting. 



The male has compound eyes. The abdomen is never provided with 

 long lateral filaments, but may be provided with tufts of long wax fila- 

 ments. The stylus may be large and prominent. 



This subfamily contains six genera and six species, two 

 species from Japan, one from Ceylon, one from Russia and Eng- 

 land and two from California. The complete life cycle of only 

 one species, one of the American species, is known. 



The most striking difference found in the different genera is 

 in the number of abdominal spiracles. Paragreenia according to 

 Ferris has eight pairs, while the spiracles of segments seven and 

 eight are greatly reduced and are but little more than points for 

 the attachment of their spiracular tracheae. The presence of this 

 number of abdominal spiracles is of interest, because eight pairs 

 of abdominal spiracles on segments one to eight is the maximum 

 number found in the abdomen of any embryonic, immature, or 

 adult insect. Steingelia, which has six pairs of abdominal spiracles 

 according to the description and figures of Green, has lost those 

 of segments seven and eight. Kuwania has four pairs of abdominal 

 spiracles on the four cephalic segments and has lost those of 

 segments five to eight. It might be assumed since no abdominal 

 spiracles are figured or described in Matsucoccus that there 

 existed a beautiful series from the maximum number of Para- 

 greenia to their entire absence in Matsucoccus. Since no thoracic 

 spiracles are described or figured in Matsucoccus and since the 

 spiracles are frequently considered of little systematic value and 

 are frequently omitted from figures and descriptions, it is more 

 likely that when specimens of this genus are examined, not only 

 thoracic but abdominal spiracles will be found. The other char- 

 acters of Matsucoccus are of sufficient importance to make it worthy 

 of consideration as a distinct genus. 



GENERA OF KUWANIINAE 



a. Antennae with ten segments; abdomen apparently without spiracles; 

 female nymph of first stage with femur of each leg enlarged and 

 elongated, distinctly longer than combined tibia and tarsus and claw, 

 so that legs are crab-like in appearance. Matsucoccus Ckll. 



aa. Antennae with less than ten segments; abdomen always with spira- 

 cles. 



