CHAPTER X 



SUBFAMILY COCCINAE 



The Cochineal Insects 



The body of the adult female is broadly convex on all aspects with 

 the two ends bluntly rounded. It is elongate oval in outline. The seg- 

 mentation is distinct. The caudal end of the body is not inflated and 

 the cephalic and lateral margins are not provided with a keel. The 

 antennae are small but distinct, consist of five to seven imperfectly 

 separated segments, and are articulated to the ventral aspect of the head 

 near each lateral margin. The eyes are present. There is a single 

 ocellana located on each lateral margin caudad of the articulation of an 

 antenna. The mouth-parts, rostrum and rostralis, are always present 

 and distinct, the rostrum consists of two indistinct segments. The legs 

 are present. They are small, subequal in size and length, normal in 

 form, and do not project beyond the lateral margin of the body. The 

 profemora are never enlarged and the prothoracic legs are never fitted 

 for digging. The trochanto-femoral and the tibio-tarsal sutures of all 

 the legs are always distinct. The spiracles of the mesothorax and met- 

 athorax are small and ventral in position. The mesothoracic spiracles 

 are never located near the anus. The abdominal spiracles are always 

 wanting. The stigmatic clefts, spinae, and canellae are wanting. The 

 abdomen is not quite as long as the head and thorax together. It is 

 convex on the dorsal and flat on the ventral aspect, is never depressed. 

 The lateral margins are convex or subparallel and the caudal end is 

 broadly rounded. All the segments are fully exposed and similar in 

 appearance with more or less distinct coriae between them, none are 

 retracted to form a marsupium. The abdomen is never provided with 

 an anal cleft and opercula, an anal ring and anal ring setae, or anal 

 lobes and anal setae. The caudal abdominal segment is short and nar- 

 row, inconspicuous, not extending beyond the other segments. The 

 body is provided with cerores none of which are octacerores or pila- 

 cerores and is never provided with ceratubae. The body is never en- 

 closed in a resinous cell with three adjacent openings or covered by a 

 scale with or without exuviae, but is either completely covered or rests 

 upon a thick mass of white cottony threads of wax. The rectum is not 

 provided with a long glassy tube of wax or with a chitinized tube bear- 

 ing rings of anacerores. The body is never naked and gall-like in form. 



The female nymphs of all stages are provided with a rostrum and 

 rostralis. The three pairs of legs are present in all nymphal stages and 

 are similar in form. The profemora are never enlarged and the pro- 

 thoracic legs are never fitted for digging. The body is never provided 

 with an anal cleft and opercula, an anal ring and anal ring setae, anal 



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