CHAPTER XI 



SUBFAMILY OBTHEZIINAE 



The Ensign Coccids 



The body of the adult female is rotund, convex on all aspects. It is 

 elongate oval in outline, broadest in the metathoracic region. The lat- 

 eral margins are convex and the cephalic and caudal margins are blunt- 

 ly rounded. The segments are well defined. The caudal end of the body 

 is not inflated and the cephalic and lateral margins are not provided 

 with a keel. The antennae are prominent, consist of four to nine seg- 

 ments, and are articulated to the ventral aspect of the head near each 

 lateral margin. The eyes are present. There is a single ocellana located 

 on a tubercle on each lateral margin caudad of the articulation of an 

 antenna. The mouth-parts, rostrum and rostralis, are always present, 

 the rostrum consisting of two distinct segments. The legs are present. 

 They are subequal in length and normal in form. The profemora are 

 never enlarged and the prothoracic legs are never fitted for digging. 

 The trochanto-femoral and the tibio-tarsal sutures are frequently want- 

 ing. The spiracles of the mesothorax and metathorax are normal in 

 size and ventral in position. The mesothoracic spiracles are never lo- 

 cated near the anus. The abdominal spiracles are frequently distinct 

 and located on segments one to seven. They are smaller than the tho- 

 racic spiracles, ventral or subventral in position, and their spiracular 

 tracheae are not provided with rings of cerores. The stigmatic clefts, 

 spinae, and canellae are wanting. The abdomen is distinctly shorter 

 than the head and thorax together. It is convex on the dorsal and flat 

 on the ventral aspect, never depressed. The lateral margins are convex 

 and the caudal end is broadly rounded. All of the segments are fully 

 exposed and similar in appearance with distinct coreae between them, 

 none are retracted to form a marsupium. The abdomen is pever pro- 

 vided with an anal cleft and opercula or anal lobes and anal setae. The 

 anal ring is always distinct and provided with six anal ring setae. The 

 caudal abdominal segment is short and narrow, small and inconspicuous, 

 but normal in form and not extending beyond the other segments. The 

 body is provided with cerores none of which are octacerores, but the 

 great majority are pilacerores. Ceratubae are always wanting. The 

 body is never enclosed in a resinous cell with three adjacent openings 

 or covered by a scale with or without exuviae, but is always in great 

 part covered by a mass of hard white wax which is fused together and 

 forms distinct plates or lamellae, a part forming a marsupium which is 

 carried by the female. The rectum is never provided with a long glassy 

 tube of wax or with a chitinized rectal tube bearing rings of anacerores. 

 The body is never naked and gall-like in form. 



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