SUBFAMILY ERIOCOCCINAE 147 



pression ; anal area with many slender setae, much smaller than 

 anal ring setae. Kansas on Bouteloua nortoni. Parr & Ckll. 



Sphaerococcus Mask. Maskell erected his group Idiococcidae for 

 the inclusion of this genus and the genus Cylindrococcus. The anal ring 

 has been poorly studied in most of the species of Sphaerococcus and in 

 the descriptions of several is not even mentioned. Some of them have 

 already been removed and made the types of other genera. The type 

 species of the genus Sphaerococcus, casuarinae Mask., has according to 

 the describer an anal ring with anal ring setae in the second nymphal 

 stage and probably also in the first nymphal stage although the anal 

 ring is not mentioned in the description of this stage. Ferris, who has 

 studied this species, reports the presence of an anal ring with six anal 

 ring setae in the adult female and first nymphal stage. In the adult 

 female the anal ring is located at the cephalic end of an invaginated 

 anal tube. The cephalabiae and caudalabiae are present in the first 

 nymphal stage. The presence of an anal ring with anal ring setate 

 would debar this genus from the Idiococcidae, the Cylindrococcinae of 

 the present work. A single species, Sphaerococcus sylvestris Ckll. & 

 King from Massachusetts on white oak, has been recorded from America. 

 The species of Sphaerococcus fall into two groups, those forming true 

 galls, apparently always bud galls, or blisters on their host-plants and 

 those not forming abnormal growths but in which the body of the adult 

 female is covered with white cottony or woolly wax or are enclosed in a 

 hard test of wax. The nineteen species listed in Fernald's Catalogue 

 represent several generic types. Ferris has made disticlium Knw. the 

 type of Paludicoccus, pirogallis Mask, the type of Eremicoccus, and 

 pulchellus Mask, the type of Callococcus. He has referred obscuratus 

 Mask, to Kuwanina and leptospermi Mask, to Amorphococcus and states 

 "that Sphaerococcus sylvestris Ckll. & King is probably nothing more 

 than an immature stage of some species of Kermes." 



Paludicoccus Ferris. A single species, Sphaerococcus disticlium 

 Knw. from California on Distichlis, is the type and sole species of the 

 genus. 



Nidularia Targ. An European genus containing a single species, 

 pulvinata Planch. The cephalic end of the cyst bears two transverse 

 rows of small conical protuberances. The body of the adult female rests 

 upon an ovisac similar to that of Pulvinaria. 



Kuwanina Ckll. The type of this genus, Sphaerococcus parrns 

 Mask, from Japan on cherry, was the sole species until the reference of 

 obscuratus Maskell to this genus. 



Cryptococcus Dougl. This genus contains a single species, fagi 

 Baer. from Great Britain, France, Belgium, Germany, Bohemia, and 

 Switzerland on birch. 



Kermicus Newst. An Indian monotypical genus including 

 wroughtoni Newst. from the nests of an ant, Oecophylla. 



Ohaetococcus Mask. A single species, bambusae Mask. oeei* im 

 the Hawaiian Islands, Mauritius, Ceylon, and Braail on Bambuaa. 



