SUBFAMILY ASTEROLECANIINAE 187 



but may be reduced to two or even all may be wanting. There are 

 eight to twelve anal ring setae in Lecaniodiaspis, ten to sixteen in 

 Anomalococcus, eight in Cerococcus, wanting in Pollinia, and eight 

 in Amorphococcus. 



The eggs are deposited by the female in the test under the 

 body. The first stage nymphs are elongate, oval in outline with 

 the cephalic end bluntly rounded and the caudal end pointed. The 

 legs are present and normal in form. The antennae consist typ- 

 ically of six segments. The spinae, if present in the adult, are also 

 present in the nymphs. The dorsal lip and dermal plate, if charac- 

 teristic of the adult may be represented in the nymphs. The 

 octacerores are frequently more numerous and arranged in two to 

 six longitudinal rows. The anal ring is present and provided 

 typically with six anal ring setae. The anal lobes and anal setae 

 are usually present, but vary greatly in size and prominence in 

 the different genera. The female nymphs molt twice. The male 

 nymphs of the second stage may be provided with octacerores. 



GENERA OF ASTEROLECANIINAE 



a. Abdomen of adult female with dorsal cribiform plates. 



b. Antennae of adult female well developed, consisting of four to 

 nine segments; spinae present at least in nymphs; anal lobes of 

 adult female small. 



c. Spinae large and distinct in adult female; body of insect en- 

 closed in complete test; anal ring of adult female with eight 

 to twelve anal ring setae; abdomen with two rows of cribiform 



plates. Lecaniodiaspis Targ. 



cc. Spinae wanting in adult female, distinct in nymphal stages; 

 body of insect not enclosed in test, naked; anal ring of adult 

 female with ten to sixteen anal ring setae; abdomen with large 

 transverse group of cribiform plates near middle of the dorsum. 



Anomalococcus Green. 



bb. Antennae of adult female rudimentary, always consisting of less 

 than four segments; spinae never present in any stage; anal lobes 

 of adult female large and distinct with shield-shaped dorsal lip 

 between them; body of insect enclosed in dense test of wax with 

 or without projections; anal ring of adult female with eight anal 

 ring setae; abdomen with two groups of cribiform plates, each 



cephalo-laterad of the dorsal lip. Cerococcus Comst. 



aa. Abdomen of adult female never with dorsal cribiform plates, 

 b. Adult female living free, never enclosed in woody gall. 



c. Body of adult female and first stage nymph always with octa- 

 cerores. 



d. Body of adult female always with peripheral band of dorsal 

 octacerores, dorsum sometimes with other octacerores than 



