194 THE COCCIDAE 



body is elongate oval in outline. The antennae are elongate and 

 consist of six segments which bear numerous setae. The mouth- 

 parts are well developed and located between the prothoracic legs. 

 The legs, which are similar in size, are long and slender and project 

 for some distance beyond the lateral margins of the body. They 

 are provided with long claws and with two tarsal and two ungual 

 digitules. The caudal end of the body is provided with two anal 

 lobes, each of which bears a large anal seta and usually several 

 much shorter setae. The anal ring is distinct and located cephalad 

 of the anal lobes. It bears anal ring setae, typically six, and is 

 sometimes divided into two parts. The entire lateral margin is 

 fringed with marginal setae. In a few species the marginal setae 

 are conical in form. There are four longitudinal rows of similar 

 setae on the dorsum making six longitudinal rows of dorsal setae, 

 while Signoret figures conical marginal setae in some of the 

 European species, arranged so as to form two disconnected rows on 

 each side, and six dorsal longitudinal rows, making eight in all. 

 This gives an arrangement similar to that found in certain 

 young eriococcids. There are cerores arranged in rows between 

 the conical setae. Practically nothing is known regarding the 

 second stage female nymphs. Maskell states that they are semi- 

 globular and yellow or brown. The number of molts in the female 

 has not been determined. 



Observations by one of my students, J. Howard Gage, would 

 suggest that the second nymphal stage may be wanting. The 

 young nymphs emerge from the eggs in the fall and creep into 

 minute cracks and crevices near the ends of the smaller twigs, 

 covering themselves with curly threads of wax. They remain as 

 minute pinkish specks in such situations without change until 

 spring. As the weather gets warm they leave their place of con- 

 cealment and covering of wax. After the buds have opened and 

 the new twigs have been formed and are about an inch or two in 

 length, the nymphs migrate out onto the tender branches and onto 

 the petiole and surface of the leaf. Those on the branches and 

 petioles attach themselves, but most of those on the leaves migrate 

 back onto the branches and petioles. Early in June the body of 

 the insect is swollen, globular, and is beginning to assume the 

 characteristic form of that of the adult female. They are still 

 whitish or greenish in color and do not yet have the brownish 

 color of the adults. The growth after their emergence from hiber- 

 nation is a very gradual one and if molts occurred, although par- 



