CHAPTER XVIII 

 SUBFAMILY APIOMOBPHINAE 



The Pegtop Coccids 



The body of the adult female is turbinate or shaped like a peg-top, 

 rarely like a spherical top, usually three or four times as long as broad, 

 only rarely broader than long. The lateral margins are usually convex 

 and are not margined. The segmentation of the body is usually dis- 

 tinct. The caudal end of the body is not inflated and the cephalic and 

 lateral margins are not provided with a keel. The antennae are rudi- 

 mentary, consist of three to five inconspicuous segments or are wanting. 

 They are articulated to the ventral aspect of the head, distant from each 

 lateral margin and near to each other. The eyes are inconspicuous. 

 There is apparently an ocellana located on each lateral margin. The 

 mouth-parts, rostrum and rostralis, are present. The rostrum consists 

 of two segments. The legs, when present, are greatly reduced in size 

 and rudimentary, the prothoracic legs are the smallest and the meta- 

 thoracic the largest. The coxae may be greatly swollen, the femora en- 

 larged, and the trochanters and claws may be wanting so that the leg 

 consists of only three segments. The profemora are never greatly en- 

 larged and the prothoracic legs are never fitted for digging. The tro- 

 chantofemoral and tibio-tarsal sutures are present or obsolete. The 

 thoracic and abdominal spiracles are not definitely described and are not 

 figured. The mesothoracic spiracles are never located near the anus. 

 The stigmatic clefts, spinae, and canellae are wanting. The abdomen 

 is variable in form and length, longer than the head and thorax com- 

 bined in some species, shorter in others, or reduced to a mere projection 

 in a few. It is usually convex on the dorsal and ventral aspects, never 

 depressed. The lateral margins are convex and are never margined. 

 All the segments are fully exposed and similar in appearance with dis- 

 tinct coriae between them, none are retracted to form a marsupium. 

 The abdomen is never provided with an anal cleft and opercula or an 

 anal ring and anal ring setae. The anal lobes are long and prominent, 

 frequently strongly chitinized, but distinct anal setae are wanting. The 

 caudal abdominal segment is long and distinct and not short and narrow 

 and extending beyond the other segments. The body is provided with 

 cerores, none of which are octacerores or pilacerores, and is never pro- 

 vided with ceratubae. The body is never enclosed in a resinous cell with 

 three adjacent openings or covered by a scale with or without exuviae. 

 Insects always live in galls and body is covered with mealy or powdered 

 wax. The rectum is never provided with a long glassy tube of wax or 

 with a chitinized rectal tube bearing rings of anacerores. The body is 

 never naked and gall-like in form. 



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