CHAPTER XX 

 SUBFAMILY CONCHASPINAE 



The Exuvialess Scales 



The body of the adult female is depressed, broadest across the pro- 

 thorax. The lateral margins gradually converge caudad, they are thin 

 and convex but not margined. The segments are well denned. The 

 caudal end of the body is not inflated and the cephalic and lateral mar- 

 gins are not provided with a keel. The antennae are prominent, consist 

 of three segments, and are articulated to the ventral aspect of the head 

 near each lateral margin. The eyes are present. There are two ocellanae 

 located on the dorsal aspect, nearer to the meson than to ;the lateral mar- 

 gin of the head. The mouth-parts, the rostrum and rostralis, are pres- 

 ent, the rostrum consists of -two segments. The legs are present. They 

 are subequal in length and normal in form. The profemora are never 

 enlarged and the prothoracic legs are never fitted for digging. The 

 trochanto-femoral sutures are present and the tibio-tarsal sutures are 

 wanting. The spiracles of the mesothorax and metathorax are normal in 

 size and ventral in position. The mesothoracic spiracles are never lo- 

 cated near the anus. The abdominal spiracles are limited to a single 

 pair located on the ventral aspect of the first segment, their spiracular 

 tracheae are never provided with rings of cerores. The stigmatic clefts, 

 spinae, and canellae are wanting. The abdomen is about as long as the 

 head and thorax together, and is convex on the dorsal and ventral as- 

 pects, always more or less depressed. The lateral aspects are convex 

 but distinct, not distinctly margined, the caudal end is convex. All the 

 segments are fully exposed and subsimilar in appearance with distinct 

 coriae between them, none are retracted to form a marsupium. The 

 abdomen is never provided with an anal cleft and opercula, or anal 

 lobes and anal setae. An anal ring and anal ring setae may be present. 

 The caudal abdominal segment is never short and narrow and extending 

 beyond the other segments. The body is provided with cerores none 

 of which are octocerores or pilacerores and is never provided with 

 ceratubae. The body is never enclosed in a resinous cell with three 

 adjacent openings, but is always covered by a scale which does not 

 contain exuviae. The rectum is never provided with a long glassy tube 

 of wax or with a chitinized rectal tube with rings of anacerores. The 

 body is never naked and gall-like in form. 



The female nymphs of all stages are provided with a rostrum 

 and rostralis. The three pairs of legs are present in all nymphal stages 

 and are similar in form. The profemora are never greatly enlarged and 

 the prothoracic legs are never fitted for digging. The body is never 

 provided with an anal cleft and opercula, anal lobes and anal setae, octa- 



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