SUBFAMILY CONCHASPINAE 213 



cerores, pilacerores, or ceratubae. An anal ring and anal ring setae 

 may be present. The caudal end of the rectum is not strongly chiti- 

 nized forming a rectal tube provided with one or more rings of ana- 

 cerores excreting a long glassy tube of wax. The caudal abdominal seg- 

 ment is not short, narrow, and projecting. 



The male has four ocellanae, two dorsal and two ventral. The ab- 

 domen is not provided with long lateral filaments or tufts of long wax 

 filaments or with two long thread-like filaments. The stylus is long, 

 one-half or more the length of the body. 



This subfamily contains three genera, Conchaspis of Cockerell, 

 Fagisuga of Lindinger, and Scutare of Brittin. The typical genus 

 was based upon specimens collected in the West Indies. A descrip- 

 tion of them was published in February, 1893, under the name of 

 Conchaspis angraeci. In July of the same year Newstead described 

 this same species as Pseudinglisia rodrigueziae from plants im- 

 ported from Trinidad. Four other species of the typical genus 

 are now known. The genera of Lindinger and Brittin each con- 

 tain only a single species. 



The scale of the adult female of Conchaspis is circular in out- 

 line, elevated at the center and bluntly conical. The surface of 

 the scale is unmodified in socialis Green, while there are six to 

 eight ridges radiating from the apex of the cone but not reaching 

 the periphery of the scale in angraeci Cockerell. The ventral scale 

 is complete, free from the dorsal scale, and adheres to the host- 

 plant. The dorsal or outer scale is opaque to grayish brown or 

 black. The female scales resembles the convex light colored scales 

 of certain diaspids, but they can always be separated from these 

 scales, because in the Conchaspinae the molted skins or exuviae 

 are never fixed in the dorsal or ventral scale. It is evident that 

 the molted skins, which are probably not more than two, although 

 the number is unknown in either sex, after they are shed, are 

 pushed out under the margin of the scale as in the males of certain 

 lecaniids. 



The scale of the male is known only in socialis Green. It is 

 described by Green as "white, oblong, flattened, closely felted, 

 completely enveloping the pupa. The hinder extremity has a 

 valvular opening. Length 1.50 mm. and breadth at widest part 

 is about 0.75 mm. The male puparia do not occur separately, but 

 are always collected together, in groups of ten or more, beneath the 

 parent scale (that of the female) which they completely fill." It 

 is questionable whether this is the true scale of the male and 

 whether it is comparable to the scale of the female, but rather a 

 cocoon. May it not be that the male does not form a scale. 



