236 THE COCCIDAE 



laterad of each pregenaceroris, the preparadensa, is sometimes 

 wanting, the postparadensae are always so far as observed more 

 distinct than the preparadensae. The paradensae are generally 

 obsolete in species lacking genacerores. 



The cerores located on the ventral aspect near the meson and 

 the middle of the pygidium are the genacerores. They are, so 

 far as known, peculiar to the adult females of certain species of 

 Diaspidinae, but they may be homologous with the cerores which 

 are peculiar to the vulvular region of certain adult females of 

 other subfamilies. The genacerores are also known as filieres, 

 spinnerets, circumgential glands, circumgential gland openings 

 or orifices, circumgential pores, ventral glands, grouped glands, 

 ventral grouped glands, wax glands, fusi, filiere aggregate, disculi 

 ciripari, disculi ciripari perivulvarea, plaque de filieres, dischi- 

 ciripari, or paragenitals. 



The genacerores are usually arranged in four or five groups. 

 When there are five groups present, one group is located on the 

 meson cephalad of the vulva and two groups on each side laterad 

 of the vulva. The mesal group, the mesogenacerores, is 

 variously designated as the anterior, mesal, median, or upper 

 group. The cephalic group of each side, the pregenacerores, is 

 variously known as the anterior-lateral group, cephalo-lateral 

 group, upper lateral group, cephalolateral group, or the anterior 

 laterals. The caudal group of each side, the postgenacerores, is 

 variously known as the posterior lateral group, the caudo-lateral 

 group, lower lateral group, caudolateral group, or posterior lat- 

 erals. 



In the following descriptions of species, the maximum and 

 minimum number of cerores in the groups of genacerores are in- 

 dicated in the following way: 0-9 (20-25) 10-19 or (7-9)2-6. 

 The first group of numbers in front of the parenthesis shows the 

 number of mesogenacerores, none to nine, the second group, al- 

 ways enclosed in a parenthesis for this group, shows the number 

 of pregenacerores, and the third group the number of postgena- 

 cerores. "Where only two groups of numbers are shown, the first 

 group is included in parenthesis and represents the number of 

 pregenacerores and the other the number of postgenacerores, the 

 mesogenacerores being wanting. 



The number of cerores in the groups of genacerores are indi- 

 cated by different authors by the use of formulae of various forms. 

 Those of Leonardi are indicated thus : 



