CHAPTER XXIII 



TRIBE LEUCASPIDINI 



The White-shield Scales 



The body of the adult female is usually longer than broad with the 

 cephalic and caudal ends bluntly rounded and with the lateral margins 

 distinct and slightly convex. The lateral margins of the segments of 

 the preabdomen are never provided with bracteae either in the adult 

 or second nymphal female. Lobes are present in the second nymphal 

 female, frequently represented by pseudolobes in adult female. There 

 are usually two, three, or four pairs of lobes, sometimes unusual in 

 form and approaching pseudolobes, if wanting, present in the second 

 nymphal female. Distapectinae are rarely present in the adult female, 

 frequently with furcapectinae, they may be present and typical in form 

 in second nymphal female. Plates frequently present in adult female, 

 very long with sides converging distad. Incisurae are broad and 

 shallow, usually filled with pectinae or plates. Densariae and par- 

 aphyses are never present. Altaceratubae are present and usually large, 

 if wanting in adult female, present in second nymphal female. Breva- 

 ceratbuae are usually present, but not numerous and not arranged in 

 rows. Genacerores are usually present, five groups are generally rep- 

 resented, there may be three or a single large group or there may be 

 additional groups, even as many as twelve. Mesogenacerores are usually 

 present, when, they can be recognized as a separate group, usually con- 

 sist of less than eight cerores. Scale of adult female is elongate, may 

 be four or more times as long as broad, pyriform, or with the sides 

 parallel or subparallel. Exuviae are usually represented by the first 

 exuvia in the adult female and attached to the end of the scale. Adult 

 female always enclosed in a puparium, the puparium large, nearly as 

 long as the scale. Scale of male is elongate, subpyriform or with the 

 sides parallel, convex, white in color, with exuvia at one end, and never 

 carinate. 



The tribe Leucaspidini in common with the other tribes of 

 Diaspidinae, except the Fioriniini, was first recognized as a sepa- 

 rate subdivision by Leonardi in 1897 under the name of Leucas- 

 pides. A year later he gave an analytical table for the separation 

 of the five tribes. In this table the genus Fiorinia, the type of 

 the tribe Fioriniini, is combined with the Mytilaspides. A snyop- 

 sis of the species of Leucaspides was published in 1906 by 

 Leonardi. In this publication the genus Leucaspis and two new 

 genera, Anamaspis and Actenaspis, are recognized. 



258 



