144 SCIENCE AND CULTURE vi 



and deep foundation for that criticism of life, 

 which constitutes culture. 



Indeed, to any one acquainted with the scope of 

 physical science, it is not at all evident. Consid- 

 ering progress only in the " intellectual and 

 spiritual sphere/ 1 I find myself wholly unable to 

 admit that either nations or individuals will really 

 advance, if their common outfit draws nothing from 

 the stores of physical science. I should say that 

 an army, without weapons of precision and with no 

 particular base of operations, might more hopefully 

 enter upon a campaign on the Ehine, than a man, 

 devoid of a knowledge of what physical science 

 has done in the last century, upon a criticism of life. 



When a biologist meets with an anomaly, he in- 

 stinctively turns to the study of development to 

 clear it up. The rationale of contradictory opinions 

 may with equal confidence be sought in history. 



It is, happily, no new thing that Englishmen 

 should employ their wealth in building and 

 endowing institutions for educational purposes. 

 But, five or six hundred years ago, deeds of 

 foundation expressed or implied conditions as 

 nearly as possible contrary to those which have 

 been thought expedient by Sir Josiah Mason. 

 That is to say, physical science was practically 

 ignored, while a certain literary training was en- 

 joined as a means to the acquirement of knowledge 

 which was essentially theological. 



