VIII UNIVERSITIES: ACTUAL AND IDEAL 197 



and when it had grown into a recognised corpora* 

 tion, acquired the name of " Universitas Studii 

 Generalis" which, mark you, means not a " Useful 

 Knowledge Society," but a " Knowledge-of-things- 

 in-general Society." 



And thus the first " University/' at any rate on 

 this side of the Alps, came into being. Originally 

 it had but one Faculty, that of Arts. Its aim was 

 to be a centre of knowledge and culture ; not to 

 be, in any sense, a technical school. 



The scholars seem to have studied Grammar, 

 Logic, and Rhetoric ; Arithmetic and Geometry ; 

 Astronomy; Theology; and Music. Thus, their 

 work, however imperfect and faulty, judged by 

 modern lights, it may have been, brought them 

 face to face with all the leading aspects of the 

 many-sided mind of man. For these studies did 

 really contain, at any rate in embryo sometimes, 

 it may be, in caricature what we now call 

 Philosophy, Mathematical and Physical Science, 

 and Art. And I doubt if the curriculum of any 

 modern University shows so' clear and generous a 

 comprehension of what is meant by culture, as 

 this old Trivium and Quadrivium does. 



The students who had passed through the 

 University course, and had proved themselves 

 competent to teach, became masters and teachers 

 of their younger brethren. Whence the distinc- 

 tion of Masters and Regents on the one hand, and 

 Scholars on the other. 



