X? THE SCHOOL BOARDS 393 



3. But the boys and girls for whose education 

 the School Boards have to provide, have not 

 merely to discharge domestic duties, but each of 

 them is a member of a social and political organ- 

 isation of great complexity, and has, in future life, 

 to fit himself into that organisation, or be crushed 

 by it. To this end it is surely needful, not only 

 that they should be made acquainted with the 

 elementary laws of conduct, but that their affec- 

 tions should be trained, so as to love with all their 

 hearts that conduct which tends to the attainment 

 of the highest good for themselves and their 

 fellow men, and to hate with all their hearts that 

 opposite course of action which is fraught with 

 evil. 



So far as the laws of conduct are determined by 

 the intellect, I apprehend that they belong to 

 science, and to that part of science which is called 

 morality. But the engagement of the affections 

 in favour of that particular kind of conduct which 

 we call good, seems to me to be something quite 

 beyond mere science. And I cannot but think 

 that it, together with the awe and reverence, 

 which have no kinship with base fear, but arise 

 whenever one tries to pierce below the surface of 

 things, whether they be material or spiritual, con- 

 stitutes all that has any unchangeable reality in 

 religion. 



And just as I think it would be a mistake to 

 confound the science, morality, with the affection, 



