LIVING ENEMIES OF TREES 



tions for applying them for each class of enemies. You do not 

 have to study the "bugs," the spray, and the time to spray. 



You could spray for each class of enemy go over the trees 

 once for each kind but by combining the different materials 

 properly, you can make two or three or four sprayings a season 

 do all the work. With some one or two or three standard mix- 

 tures for the different classes of enemies, as bases, you can add 

 poisons or other materials and strengthen or weaken them, 

 and in this way meet all the conditions. 



Suppose, for instance, that you buy or make the standard 

 lime-sulphur mixture. Properly diluted, this will be your 

 dormant San Jose scale spray; diluted still more, with arsenate 

 of lead added, or made in the self-boiled form (generally 

 best), with the lead, it is the thing for spraying buds and blos- 

 soms the poison killing codlin moth and curculio, the lime- 

 sulphur controlling fungi and sucking insects. Combinations 

 of various kinds can be made to suit the occasions. That is 

 where study and experience count. 



Elevated tanks for both water and mixture are great savers 

 of labor and time. With them you can quickly fill sprayer 

 tanks by gravity without pumping or dipping. Mixing can be 

 done both by gravity and by pumps. Run two streams of 

 different materials into one vessel at the same time, with force 

 if possible, and mixing will be thorough. Do the final mixing 

 in spraying-tank. Some of the power outfits are equipped to 

 mix materials with their pumps or with the agitator. The 

 engine will do it more completely and more quickly than it can 

 be done by hand. 



Our final word to you on spraying is this: keep posted. 

 Spraying knowledge has reached an advanced stage, yet much 

 progress is made every year. A few years ago, when we knew 

 little about spraying, we had to take various roundabout 

 courses to accomplish results. As our understanding of the 

 subject grows more complete, we take many shorts cuts. Many 

 a ten dollars can be cut off the cost of thorough spraying by 

 knowing all about a certain habit of this or that enemy, and by 

 knowing the exact effect of some mixtures on the pests. What 

 we think is a good spray this year, may be replaced by a better 

 one next year. We must keep informed. 



The farm and fruit papers and magazines, new fruit books, 

 state and national experiment stations and chemical com- 

 panies continually are supplying new and valuable information 

 about enemies and about how to overcome them. Be sure to 

 get all the state and government bulletins, and all the books 

 that you can find or can afford to buy. Read them, and make 

 notes of what impresses you as valuable for use in your orchard. 

 One season of this will educate you and enable you to work out 

 a plan by which you can do your work at the least expense and 

 with the greatest results. During the winter is the time to 

 plan the next season's spraying. Go to your trees often. Get 

 a magnifying glass and learn to identify the various scales and 

 insects. When you know the enemies, and watch the trees, all 

 bad infectations can be prevented. 



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