SPRAYING MATERIALS AND DATES 



buds burst with lime-sulphur solution helps to keep them away. 



Canker Worms. There are two distinct species: the spring 

 canker worms and the fall canker worms; both are leaf-eating 

 insects. Use arsenate of lead. The spring worm in nearly all 

 cases will be controlled by the Codlin Moth sprayings. The 

 fall worm is controlled by arsenate of lead in water, applied 

 when insects appear. 



Tent Caterpillar. The apple-tree tent caterpillar moths 

 appear usually the first two weeks in July, in northern Atlantic 

 states, and deposit eggs. These eggs hatch in spring, usually 

 about the last of April, and the worms begin constructing nests 

 at once. Spray with arsenate of lead when the worms appear. 

 One thorough spraying will kill them all. 



Scab. One of the earliest of fungous diseases to appear. 

 Use diluted lime-sulphur solution combined with arsenate of 

 lead, or self-boiled lime-sulphur with arsenate of lead. Apply 

 first just after cluster buds open and before bloom opens; second 

 spraying, about ten days after blossom petals fall; third spray- 

 ing, three weeks after second. (The arsenate of lead in the second 

 and third sprayings controls codlin moth, curculio, etc., 

 besides adding to the fungicidal value of the lime-sulphur, and 

 preventing the diluted solution from burning foliage.) 



Cedar Rust. Appears about the same time as scab, and 

 spraying dates are about the same. Its injury is most serious 

 on leaves of York Imperial. It also attacks fruit on Ben Davis 

 and other varieties considerably. Cut out all cedar trees in 

 the vicinity. Lime-sulphur and bordeaux are only partly success- 

 ful in controlling it. The only material that has ever showed 

 over 75 per cent efficiency against cedar rust is Atomic sulphur. 



Leaf Spots. These include several different kinds, but, for 

 the purpose of spraying, may be considered as one. They ap- 

 pear about the time of the second spraying for scab. In sections 

 where any one species may severely attack some variety, two 

 or three additional sprayings may be required for control. The 

 first two sprayings are the same as the second and third for 

 scab, and the others should follow at intervals of about three 

 weeks. 



Sooty Fungus (Apple Cloud), Fly Speck Fungus, Blotch, etc. 

 These troubles are remedied by the sprayings for scab, etc. 

 Diluted lime-sulphur solution to which is added arsenate of 

 lead, or self-boiled lime-sulphur with arsenate of lead, will do 

 the work. Bordeaux is seldom needed, and never should be 

 used before the fruit has reached the size of hickory nuts. 



Bitter Rot. Chiefly a disease of the fruit, but attacks branches 

 of trees also. Bordeaux Mixture is the most effective remedy 

 for this trouble. Lime-sulphur will show only about 50 to 60 

 per cent efficiency against it. Spray first about July i, with 

 Bordeaux Mixture with arsenate of lead added; second, repeat 

 in three weeks; third, repeat about the middle of August. In 

 wet seasons a fourth spraying is sometimes needed. The arsen- 

 ate of lead may be omitted in third and fourth sprayings. 



[NOTE. Do not use Bordeaux on tender fruit and leaves it will surely 

 russet them; use lime-sulphur iu proper form instead.] 



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