HOW TO GROW AND MARKET FRUIT 



tracted and appears on the market in several forms. "Black 

 Leaf," "Nicofume," and "Tobacine," can be bought and made 

 into sprays for orchard insects, such as woolly aphis, green aphis, 

 and some of the other bugs which have to be killed by contact. 

 The sulphate of nicotine can be bought pure and mixed into 

 spray material, also. A tobacco decoction can be made by 

 steeping one pound of tobacco leaves or stems in two gallons 

 of water for a few days; or by boiling a quantity of tobacco 

 about one-half hour in enough water to cover it, then dilute 

 with water to make a volume of two gallons for each pound of 

 tobacco used. 



COMBINED INSECTICIDES AND FUNGICIDES 



12. Bordeaux Mixture and Arsenate of Lead. Mix two 



pounds of arscnate of lead with fifty gallons standard Bordeaux 

 Mixture. First dissolve the arsenate as directed before. The 

 sticky qualities of this new mixture will keep the Bordeaux 

 on the tree longer than it would remain otherwise. This is 

 a very good spray and does not cost much. 



13. Lime-sulphur and Arsenate of Lead. Mix two pounds 

 of arsenate of lead with fifty gallons of self-boiled lime-sulphur 

 or of concentrated lime-sulphur solution diluted, one and a half 

 gallons to fifty gallons of water (arsenate of lead always must 

 be added to diluted standard lime-sulphur solutions). 



RABBITS, MICE AND BORERS 



Borers attack nearly all kinds of fruit trees, but do most 

 damage to apple and peach trees. They fairly revel in locust 

 and many other forest trees, and some kinds of bushes harbor 

 them. There are three or more kinds. One has a flat, black 

 head; another a round, black head. These two work in apple 

 trees. They are supposed to live on the inner layer of bark of 

 the trunk, near the surface of the ground, but their tunnels 

 sometimes extend entirely through the tree and for more than 

 a foot up and down. 



Peach borers are soft, yellowish worms with a reddish brown 

 head. They do not usually go so deep into the wood as do apple 

 borers, but live just under the bark. Either kind can be located 

 by the sawdust made, and in peach, etc., by gum, which 

 comes from the hole where borers entered. Peach borers 

 hatch in June or July from eggs laid on the trunks of trees. 

 The young either eat their way in where they were hatched, 

 or drop to the ground and enter the trunk at the surface of 

 the soil. This kind stays in the trunk one year only, but the 

 other two kinds will remain in from one to three years, growing 

 bigger and eating larger tunnels all the time. 



Go over all your trees, but particularly those younger than 

 eight years, every March and October. You can locate the 

 borers by their sawdust, by a blackened spot in the bark, or 

 by the gum coming from their holes. Cut around the hole 

 a little with a sharp knife, and if you do not find the worms 



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