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SHORE BIRDS OF NORTH AMERICA. 



GENUS CRYMOPHILUS VIEILL. 



(Jrvmophilus 

 fiilh-arius. 



Cryinoi>hiluri t'ulirurius. 



CRYHOPHILUS FULICARIUS (/,/////.). 

 Red Phalarope. Gray Phalarope. 



SEA-GOOSE. WIIALE-HIKU. BOWIIEAD. 



Adult male in summer: General un- 

 der parts and sides of the neck, pur- 

 plish brown ; upper tail coverts, purplish 

 brown, slightly darker than the under 

 parts; crown of the head and base of 

 the bill, smoky black ; sides of the head, 

 white, extending to the nape; rump, 

 white ; back, black ; feathers, edged with 

 tawny brown ; primaries, dusky, the 

 shafts being white, and the base of the 

 IVatlu-rs white; some of the secondaries, white ; bill, yel- 

 lowish brown, dark on the tip ; feet, dull yellow. 



Adult in winter: Head and under parts, white; a small patch around the eye and a nuchal 

 crest, dusky; the under parts of the body are tinged with ashy gray on the sides; upper parts, 

 grayish ash color; wings, showing a distinct white bar; bill, dusky; feet, brownish. 

 Length, 7.70; wing, 5.10; tail, 2.50; bill, .94; tarsus, .80. 



The Red Phalarope is a maritime species which ranges from the far north, 

 where it breeds, southward to the Middle States. On the Pacific coast it has 

 been recorded as far south as Cape St. Lucas. During migrations it is not 

 uncommon on some of our large interior lakes. It is gregarious in its habits, 

 usually being observed in flocks far out at sea. It breeds in the far north. 

 The eggs, which, are four in number, are grayish or brownish, spotted with 

 dark brown ; they vary much in color, some eggs being described as greenish, 

 heavily spotted with dull brown. The species is known to sailors by the name 

 of " Whale Bird." Contrary to the usual rule among birds, the female is the 

 handsomer and is also the lararer. 



