Suburban Home Grounds. 43 



foundation shaped 1 foot below the proposed finished surface. 

 The bottom layer of stone is composed of pieces of broken 

 stone averaging 8 inches in size, set upon end. The spaces 

 between the larger stones are filled and wedged with smaller 

 pinning stones. On this bottom foundation layer a 3 inch 

 layer of the medium size 1 inch or 2 inch crushed stone 

 should be placed and thoroughly rolled until smooth. After 

 this has been done a finishing layer 1 inch in thickness 

 of small crushed stones and screenings mixed should be placed, 

 rolled, and watered until a smooth hard surface is obtained. 

 If necessary a little clay or binding gravel may be used for a 

 binder in the finishing courses. 



The grades of the drive should be as easy as possible; an 

 approach or main entrance drive should not have over 5 

 feet rise in the 100 feet, a service drive not over 7 feet. 

 In extreme cases it may be necessary to increase these figures 

 to 10 feet in the 100. 



Walks or paths are designed and built on the same deter- 

 mining principles. There should be some reason for their 

 being: as, to go to an arbor, a tennis court, the doors of the 

 house, or other buildings. Mere meandering walks without 

 any occasion for their use are not objects of beauty. They 

 may be constructed either of gravel or macadam, and the widths 

 vary from 2 to 8 feet according to the purpose to be served. 

 The grade of the walk should be as easy as possible, never over 

 12 feet in 100. A crown of $ inch to the foot on the sides and 

 rounding in the middle is ample for a walk. See Plates XXI 

 and XXII. 



In steeper slopes where it is desirable to carry a walk, steps 

 should be used to overcome the steep grade. These can be 

 built to fit the ground or may be short flights with a short 

 run of walk between each flight. The steps may be built of 

 wood, stone, or brick. See Plate XI. 



When there is but little use, yet a means or communication 

 is desired, stepping stones should be substituted for the walk. 



