42 How to Make the Garden Pay. 



crowds towards the plowed ground when nearing the end of long 

 furrows on each side, the corners become rounded, and when the 

 piece is all plowed clear to the sides, the four corners will still be 

 left untouched, and must be finished with an immoderate amount 

 of turning, and at last will be poorly done, or left partly unfin- 

 ished. A good plowman will strike his last furrow exactly on 

 the very edge of the piece. 



The market gardener also needs a good, light one-horse 

 plow, to plow up smaller patches for second and third crops, in 

 cultivating and hilling-up celery, and for various other uses. 

 Every hardware dealer keeps them. 



Subsoiling is not absolutely necessary for warm loam with 

 porous subsoil, but generally of considerable benefit for soils 



resting on a heavier and com- 

 pact lower stratum. Such a 

 plow following in the furrow 

 made by the common plow, is 

 intended to lift and break the 

 layer next under the top soil. 

 It is not often used in the home 



Cutaway Harrow. g arden ' Among modern har- 



rows we nave some most 



excellent tools designed and suited for special purposes. The 

 " Cutaway " is a deep cutting implement, and in many cases can 

 almost take the place of the plow, but it is hardly necessary for the 

 market gardener. The "Disk" 

 is another good farmer's har- 

 row, and doing thorough work, 

 especially on freshly-turned, 

 tough sod ; but an "Acme " 

 will answer as well as any 

 other for breaking up and 

 fining the mellow lands in the 

 garden. In an emergency 

 almost any of the older-style, Acme Harrow - 



plain steel-tooth harrows may be used. The " Thomas' 

 Smoothing" harrow, however, is so useful and effective in 

 finishing off a piece of land for sowing seeds, in killing 

 weeds in corn and potato fields early in the season, that 

 neither farmer nor gardener can well afford to do without it. 

 The diligent use of this implement will bring the soil in fine 

 tilth, and often leave it in moderately good shape for sowing or 

 planting, but it will always be advisable to apply the finishing 

 touch with a Meeker Disk harrow, which does as good work 

 as a steel-rake, and much faster and more conveniently. We 

 also need a good spade ; a spading fork ; sharp, light hoes ; dibbers, 

 etc. The latter are simply pieces of hardwood, with an iron 



