Cultural Directions. 141 



the northern states ; and for this reason leaves or coarse manure 

 should be applied between the plants from three to six inches 

 deep, according to the usual severity of the winters. 



The part used, generally in the raw state, is the base of the 

 scales of the flower. Sometimes they are boiled and served 

 as a salad. The term " Artichoke Salad," however, is more 

 frequently applied to the side shoots, which are loosely tied and 

 bleached somewhat after the fashion of endive. The vegetable 

 is rarely found in American home gardens. 



VARIETIES. 



European seedsmen catalogue a number of varieties. The 

 Green, or Green Globe, is probably as good as any other, and 

 the one offered by American seedsmen. 



Jerusalem. Helianthus Tuber osus. German, Erdapfel. 

 French, Topinambour. Spanish, Namara. The Jerusalem arti- 

 choke or Tuberous-rooted sunflower is easily 

 grown from the tuber, and where the latter has 

 once taken possession of a field, is hard to 

 eradicate. Poor, gravelly soil, too dry for most 

 any other crop, suits this artichoke very well, 

 and will soon be filled with tubers. Plant in 

 open ground in April or May, in rows three 



feet apart, placing the seed tubers 12 or 15 ~ 



*V ~, D Green Globe 



inches apart, in the rows. They require no choke. 



especial attention until dug, and are not 

 affected by frost if left in the ground. The varieties only differ 

 in the color of their tubers, and are named accordingly, Red- 

 skinned, White-skinned, etc. 



USES. The tubers, like potatoes, can serve as food for man 

 or beast. Sometimes they are eaten in the raw state, as pickles 

 or salad; sometimes they are boiled like potatoes ; but however 



served, they can by no means be con- 

 sidered a great delicacy for the average 

 American taste. Flesh sweet and 

 watery. Hogs are very fond of the 

 tuber. I think that on a piece of land 

 having little value otherwise, the crop 

 would be quite a profitable one for 

 turning into pork, especially since we 

 can leave the job of harvesting entirely 

 to the pigs themselves. Hog snouts 

 are also the most convenient tool with 

 which to rid a piece of land of the 



Jerusalem artichoke, when this becomes a nuisance, which it is 

 liable to do. 



Arti- 



JERU?AM ARTICHOKE ROOTS 1 



