22 Before Chrift iioo — 1046. 



cians obfervlng fuch a happy combination of advantageous circum- 

 ftances for a trading fettlement, and that the country was moreover in- 

 terfecled by two great navigable rivers, the Baetis and the Anas (now 

 the Guadalquivir and the Guadiana), eftabUfhed the capital pofi for 

 their weflern trade on a fmall ifland in the Atlantic, within a furlong 

 of the main land, and at no great diflance from the mouths of the two 

 rivers, to which they gave the name of Gadir. The town, which they 

 built there, has in all ages maintained a fuperior rank as a trading lla- 

 tion ; and it is even now (with its name fomewhat varied by the Sara- 

 cens to Cadiz) the principal port of Spain, and the ftation of the gal- 

 leons, which import from America thofe pretious metals, which were 

 formerly exported from the fame harbour to the eaflern part of the 

 Mediterranean fea. 



Of the other early weftern fettlements of the Phcenicians, the rnofl 

 celebrated were Carteia and Utica. The former, fituated on the Baetic 

 fhore at the narrowefl part of the ftrait, is by fome ■ authors efteemed 

 more antient than Gadir, the foundation of it being afcribed to Mel- 

 cartus (called alio the Phoenician Hercules), whence the town was alfo 

 called Melcarteia and Heraclea. The later was fituated on the coafi: of 

 Africa, in fight of Carthage, and built about eighty years after the de- 

 ftru(?!:ion of Troy, according to Velleius Paterculus, who fays, that Ga- 

 dir was founded a few years earlier. Matters of fuch high antiquity are 

 very uncertain ; and it is very probable, that augmentations of the co- 

 lonies were often taken for the original fettlements of them by hifto- 

 rians, (an example of which we feem to have in Carthage) and thence 

 the CO itradidory aeras may in fome degree be reconciled *. 



IC58 — The dominion of the fea at this time is afcribed to thePelafgi. 



1046 — David king of Ifrael, now in the height of his profperity, 

 having fubdued feveral of the neighbouring princes, employed a part 

 of the wealth acquired by his conquefts in purchafing cedar timber 



• Not willing to lay hold of the highefl: anti- Timagenes, a Syrian Greek, [ap. Ammian. Mar- 



quiiy, which is frequently carried far beyond the cellin. L. xv] for a colony of Dorians, (i. c. tlie 



trath, I have affnmed the ycariioo, as being near people of Dor, a capital city on the Phanician 



the probable date of theft antient Phoenician fettle- coall, and one of thofe which the Ifraelites were 



incnts, clrcfly upon the authority of Strabo, [Z,. i, unable to reduce. Jqflma, c. 17 — Judges, c. l) 



p- H^] Velleius J'atcrculus, [L. i, c. 2] and Pliny, who were led by the antient Hercules feveral cen- 



\_Hijl nal. L. xvi, c, 40.] I do not, however, turics before the biith of the Greek licrculcs, as 



mean to deny, that it is very probable that the far as the Bay of Bifcay, where they fettled on the 



Phoenicians may have entered the Ocean 350 years Gallic (liore ; and the names of fome of the tribes 



earlier, in the time of the invafion of their country there might warrant a fuppofition of their be'iug 



by the Ifraelites. There is in favour of that date defcendtd of that Phoenician colony. To thefe 



the tcftimony of Claudius Julius, an author indeed may be added the llory related by Procopius, 



comparatively late, but who wrote expreisly upon [_Iicll. Vaiultil. L. il, c. 10] of two pillars in the 



PlnEmcijn alTairs, and doiibtlefs tranlciibed from wellern extremity of Africa near the Sirail, with 



antient writers : and he afcribes the foundation of Phoenician infcriplions upon them, importing that 



Gadir to Aiihaleus, the fon of Phanix, who is they were fet up by a people «ho were driven 



placed about the time of Jolhua the coniniander from their native country by a plunderer called 



of the Ifraelites. There is alfo the telliniony of Jofliua the fon of Naue. 



