66 Before Chrift 471 — 446. 



;^90,ooo fterling *. {Tbucyd. L. i. — Corn. Nep in Arift.] Such was the 

 fum which the free ftates of Greece found fufficient, under the prudent 

 and economical diredion of Ariftides f , to defray the annual expenfe 

 of a fuccefsful war againft the fovereign of the greateft empire in the 

 world. 



Some time in the reign of Xerxes (who was murdered by one of his 

 courtiers) a voyage of difcovery was undertaken, to the command of 

 whichSatafpes, a noble Perlian, was appointed, as a punifhment for a 

 crime committed by him. The voyage being intended to reverfe the 

 route of that performed by order of Necos, king of Egypt, Satafpes 

 departed from the Nile, and pafling the Pillars of Hercules, coafted 

 along the fhore of Africa, till he came to a people, whom he defcribed 

 as of very diminutive ftature, and clothed in red garments, or Phoeni- 

 cian garments, or garments made from the palm tree %. But Satafpes, 

 difliking his employment, returned home by the fame way he had gone 

 out, and was crucified for his reward. No better event could be ex- 

 peded of an enterprife, the command of which was efteemed, not an 

 honour, but a difgrace. How very oppofite were the Perfian and the 

 Phoenician ideas of naval command ! {^Herod. L. iv, c. 43.] 



4yi — Cimon, the Athenian commander, with the confederate fleet 

 of Greece, was everywhere vidorious. He expelled the Perfian garri- 

 fons from all the maritime towns of the vEgaean fea. Extending his 

 vidorious progrefs along the fouth fhore of the Afiatic peninfula be- 

 yond the fettlements of the Grecian colonies, he with 250 fhips belong- 

 ing to the Athenians and their allies encountered the Perfian fleet, and 

 took or deflroyed almoft the whole of them, whereby he made a pro- 

 digious addition to his fleet. On the very fame day by a fuccefsful flra- 

 tagem, wherein he employed his prize fliips, he alfo defeated the land 

 army of the Perfians at the mouth of the river Eurymedon (a". 470.) 



449 The Athenians continued to be in general fuccefsful in many 



naval battles with the Perfians : and at laft that triumphant republic 

 didated to the ambafladors of Artaxerxes, the no-longer-haughty mo- 

 narch of Perfia, the terms of a pacification, whereby he became bound 

 never to fend a veifel into the ^Egaean fea, and to acknowlege the inde- 

 pendence of the Greek colonies in Afia. 



446 — The Athenians having become the greateft maritime power of 



* This fum diii not, as fome fiippofe, iiitlmle and the Allieniaiis beftowcd 3,000 diacliniR 



jiay for the Gix-cian allied army. ' Pay was not (;^9'5 1 '7 = 2) on liis two dauglitcis for thtir j)or- 



* yd introduced into the Grecian feivice, bfcaiifc tions. \_Plut. in Aiijl.'] 



' the charai'tir of fi.l.lur was not fcparatcd from J The Greek word ^o(v(x>i('i! bears ail thefe mcan- 



' that of citizen.' [^Gillies's HiJI. of Grcfct, r. ii, ings. The natives of Congo on the well coall of 



/i. 63. fil, 1792.J Cut very foon after this war it Africa ufe cloth made of the palm tree. [^Pur- 



was ini reduced. chas's Pil^iimes, L. vii, c. 4, § 7.] And Captain 



f This honed (latefrnan, wtio for fome years Cook found fome nations in the South fea dicfled 



inBTia^rtd the joint Ireafury of the whole Grecian with cloth made of j)ahiieto leaves. 

 conffdcracy, left not wliercwith to bury lu'mf»lf : 



