»jQ Before Chrift 351 — 348. 



About the fame time Eudoxus, the fellow traveler and fellow fludent 

 of Plato, improved fcience in Greece by the introduction of the ce- 

 leftial fphere, by a reformation of the erroneous calculation of the year, 

 (which however feems to have been little attended to) and by his writ- 

 ings upon aftronomy, geometry, and geography. 



351 — The Sidonians, provoked by the intolerable tyranny of the 

 Perfian governors, confpired with the Egyptians to throw off the yoke. 

 Their defection drew upon them the innumerable army of Perfia, led 

 on by the great king in perfon, to whom the city was betrayed by the 

 treachery of one of the commanders of their mercenary allies, and, 

 what is more furprifing, by their own king. The conduct of the Sidon- 

 ians on this occafion was the very reverfe of the wifdom of the Tyr- 

 ians when befieged by Nebuchadnezar, and the determined refolution 

 of the Phocceans when they found themfelves unable to refifl the army 

 of Cyrus. In order to prevent any perfon from withdrawing from the 

 defence of the city, they burnt the whole of their fhips, (an adion 

 fcarcely credible of a maritime and commercial people) by which rafli 

 condud, and their infuperable averfion to Perfian flavery, they were 

 driven to the defperate refolution of fetting fire to their own houfes, 

 and facrificing themfelves, their wives, and their children on the great 

 altar of liberty compofed of their whole city. Thus fell the great Si- 

 don, after it had been, during a long fucceffion of ages, the commercial 

 capital of the Eaft : and even its aflies, which contained great quanti- 

 ties of melted gold and filver, afforded a valuable prize to the enemy. 

 It was afterwards rebuilt by fuch of its citizens as, by being abfent on 

 voyages, happened to eicape the felf-devoted extermination. But it 

 never recovered its former fplendour, and was more celebrated in after 

 ages for its manufadures of glafs, than for commercial enterprife or 

 profperity. 



348 — The Romans and their allies, who arc not named, entered in- 

 to a fccond treaty with the Carthaginians and their allies, of whom the 

 Tyrians and Uticans are named. In this the navigation of the Romans 

 was reftrided to more confined limits than in the former treaty, they 

 being only permitted to trade to the port of Carthage and the Cartha- 

 ginian territories in Sicily, and prohibited from landing in any other 

 part of Africa, or in Sardinia, unlefs compelled by neceflity, in which 

 cafe their flay was not to exceed five days. The Carthaginians were to 

 enjoy an equal liberty of trade in Rome ; and if they fliould take any 

 Latin city, not fubjed to Rome, they were not to keep poffeffion of it, 

 but reft latisfied with the plunder and prifoners *. 



* Pol)bius, [//. ii!, c. 24] gives tlic words of and alliance of the Romans ; a mode of applica- 



this tiiaty, hut without tlic date. It mull be the tion rather at variance with the tenor of the treaty, 



fame whicli Livy [A. vii, c. 27] dates 348 before Orofius [Z/- iii, c. 7] cnoneouny calls it the full 



Chtift. Livy fays, tliat the Carthaginians fcnl treaty. 

 ambalTadors to Rome to petition tlic frieiidfhip i 



