A. D. 140. 191 



Roman towns *, which he connedted by miUtary roads ; and, in fhort, 

 provinciated a traft of country, moftly unknown to former Roman com- 

 manders, extending from the wall and the Firth of Forth northward 

 to the Moray Firth ; and from the Ocean weflward to Loch Long, or, 

 perhaps, Loch Fyne, the great ridge of mountains called Drumalban, 

 and Loch Nefs. The new province was called Vefpafiana, a name given, 

 or continued, by the modeily of Antoninus, in honour of Vefpafian, in 

 whofe reign the command of the Roman forces in Britain was delegated 

 to Agricola, who, under the two fucceeding emperors, brought a fmall 

 portion of this province, on the fouth fide of the Tay, under a moment- 

 ary fubjedion to Rome. [_yid. CapitoUn. Ant, Pii Vit Ricard. Corinenr. 



L. i, c. 6, § 2, 43, 50.] 



It was apparently during the adminiftration of Lollius, and probably 

 under the diredlion of Seius Saturninus, who, as Jabolenus and Richard 

 of Cirenceiler inform us, was then commander of a fleet ftationed on 

 the coall of Britain, that the maritime furvey, or rather two partial fur- 

 veys, of the north part of Britain, were performed, from which the geo- 

 graphy of that part of the ifland was compiled by Ptolemy. The more 

 accurate furveys of the fouthern part of the ifland, muft be prefumed 

 to have kept pace with the gradual extenfion of the Roman conquefls. 



137-160 — The emperor Antoninus, adorned Rome and many other 

 cities with public buildings, and repaired or renewed harbours, light- 

 houfes, bridges, and aqueduds. He favoured virtuous and learned men. 

 He fold forae of the fuperfluous property, attached to the imperial office, 

 for the benefit of the public, and defrayed many public expenfes out 

 of his private fortune. Under his adminiftration all the provinces of 

 the empire flourifhed. His virtues deferved the furnarae of Pius, which, 

 though it was afterwards proftituted to many imperial monfters, was 

 truely honourable to him, becaufe it was given by the unanimous con- 

 f ent of his contemporaries, and confirmed to him by the impartial fuf- 

 frage of pofterity. 



161 — The worthy emperor, Antoninus Pius, was fucceeded by Mar- 

 cus Aurelius Antoninus, ufually called the Philosopher, who was no- 

 thing inferior to him in every virtue. The reigns of thefe two excel- 

 lent princes gave the Roman world above forty years of the felicity 

 flowing from a government, whofe only objed was the good of the 

 fubjeds ; a period not to be equaled in the hiflory of the Romans ; and, 

 indeed, not frequently occurring in that of any other people. 



He was the author of many good laws, one of which direcfted, that 

 fhipwrecked merchandize fhould belong entirely to the lawful owners, 



• The names and pofitions of the towns, or diftanccs, compiled by Richard of Cirenccfter from 



ftations, as given by Ptolemy, who wrote foon af- ajitient Roman authorities, contain all the inform- 



ter the conquefts of Urbicus, and the more copi- ation we poffefs refpefting this fartheft acquifi^ 



ous enumeration of them, with the intermediate tion of the Romans in Britain. 



