222 A. D. 500. 



der the fovereignty of Hengift and his family. The kingdom of the 

 South-Saxons, comprehending the modern (hires of Surrey and SufTex, 

 was alfo eftabliflied. And Cerdic, whofe pofterity were deflined to 

 fway the fceptre of all the Britifh iflands, had jufl laid the foundation of 

 his more extenfive kingdom of the Weft-Saxons. As yet no Angles (or 

 Englifh) had arrived, at leaft not in fuch numbers as to form eftablifti- 

 ments in their own name. All thefe nations, together with the leffer 

 bands of Frifians, Rugians, Danes, &c. have in fucceeding ages been 

 known under the general names of Saxons *, Anglo-Saxon, Angles, and 

 Englifh. 



The northern part of the late Roman provinces in Britain, except a 

 fmall kingdom of the Britons in the fouth-weft part of ScotLmd, was 

 occupied by the Pichts, who extended their dominion at leaft as far 

 fouth as the wall between the Tine and the Solway firth. 



A colony of Scots (or Dalreudini, as Bede calls them from their lead- 

 er Reuda, or Riada) had palTedover from Ireland, probably in the third 

 century, and occupied Argyle-fhire, with fome of the adjacent lands, 

 and, apparently, the neighbouring iflands. About the end of the fifth 

 century, they were reinforced by another colony of the fame race, 

 under the command of three brothers, called Lorn, ^ngus, and Fer- 

 gus, the later of whom appears to have fucceeded to the dominions of 

 one or both of his brothers (a". 503") ; and he is generally reckoned the 

 firftof the Scottifli kings, and the anceftorof the kings of Scotland, and 

 of thofe of Great Britain. 



Ireland at this time contained, befides the tribes enumerated by Ptole- 

 my, a colony of the Pichts, and a nation called Scots, who appear from 

 the works of St. Patric to have been the ruling people. It is is probable, 

 and we can have nothing better than probability, that all the tribes, or 

 nations of Ireland, migrated at different times from the weftern fliores 

 of Britain f . 



Such were about this time the nations, whofe pofterity, with a mix- 

 ture of Norwegians, Danes, and Norman-French, conftitute the popula- 

 tion of the Britifh iflands. And, though migrations and conquefts do 

 not in ftrid propriety belong to commercial hiftory, I have thought it 

 incumbent upon me to give at leaft a very brief account of events, 

 which gave almoft an entire new population to thefe iflands, which were 

 deftmed by Providence to furpafs the commercial fame of all the na- 

 tions of antiquity, to extend their commercial enterprifes to every port 

 upon the furface of the globe, and to cover the ocean with their innu- 

 merable fails. 



• The Wclfli ;iiiJ the Highlanders of Soot- Davids in Wales ; and it is but fixtcen miles from 



land to this day fcarc.ly know the Englidi by the Mull of Galloway, and only ten fiom the Mull 



any oiher name than Snjfitnach. of Kenlirc, in ijcotlaiid. 



\ Ireland is vifiljlc in clear weather from St. 



