A. D. 1070. 301 



* all law-worthy *, as you- were in the days of King Edward. And it is 

 ' my will, that every child be his father's heir after his death f. And 

 ' I will not fuffer any man to do you any injury. God keep you.' 



Though I do not find the commencement of the jurifdidlion which 

 the corporation of London have over the River Thames as their har- 

 bour, they appear to have poflefled it about this time : and they alfo 

 feem to have but recently obtained it ; for the limits of it were not pre- 

 cifely aicertained, as appears by a difpute in vv'hich they were engaged 

 (A. D. 1090) with the abbay of St. Auguftine at Canterbury for the 

 fuperiority of Stonore, Stanore, or Eftanore, a village near Sandwich, 

 which they claimed as belonging to the port f)f London. But it was 

 awarded to the abbay by King William II: [Thorn, Chron. op. Twyfden, 

 col. 1793] and indeed it is far beyond Yendal or Yenhmd, which has 

 been the eaftern boundary of the city's jurifdidion for many ages by- 

 pafl. 



About this time the city of Bergen was founded by Olaf the Peace- 

 able, king of Norway. The fafety and commodioufnefs of its harbour 

 have rendered it in all fucceeding ages the principal emporium of that 

 kingdom. \Torfcvi Hjjl. Norzucg. V. iv, p. 71.] 



1077 — At a time when Europe was only beginning to emerge from 

 the darkefl night of ignorance, the light of fcience flione out in Afia, 

 even among the Turks, under the aulpices of the fultan Gjelaleddin 

 Melicfliah, who aiTembled the aftronomers of the Eaft in order to redi- 

 fy the diforder of the antient Perfian calendar. The refult of their la- 

 bours was a computation more corredl than the Julian calendar, and 

 nearly equal to the Gregorian. [Hyde, Hi/}. reVig. vet. Per/, pp. 196-21 1.] 



1080 — King William fent an army againfl Scotland under the com* 

 mand of his fon Robert, who, after palling the border, immediately re- 

 treated to the banks of the Tine, and founded a nezv cajlle at the antient 

 village of Munekeceaflre, which has given origin and name to the po- 

 pulous, adive, and wealthy, trading town of Ncwcaftle, [Sim. Dunelm. 

 ap. TzvyfdeTi. col. 211.] 



1082 — William, defirous of putting his kingdom in the mofl refped- 

 able ftate of defence, and confidering the caftle of Dover as the key of 

 England, gave the charge of the adjacent coaft, with the Ihipping be- 

 longing to it, to the conftable of Dover caftle, \Tith the title oi warden 

 of the cinque ports ; an office refembling that of count of the Saxon coad 



* Men of fcrvile condition,, efpccially fiich as Confeflbr, the property of a perfon who died with- 



were in demi.fne (' dominio'), were not law-wor- out a will is direfted to be divided equally among 



thy, or entitled to the protection of the genei;.! his children, without a word of eitlier the church 



l.iw, but were judged by their lords, as is obferved or the over-lord. \_I'eges Ed-jj. c. 24, in Svhkti's 



by Dcftor Brady \_Trcjtife nf luivh^, p. 16] in his eltt'wn of Eadmer, p. 184.] But the inhabitants 



remarks on this charter, or protettiou as he chufes of moft tov.i.s held thdr property at the will of 



to call it. an over-lord ; and London was diftiuguilhed by 



t In the laws afcribed to King Edward ttie being exempted from that fluvilli condilion. 



