A. D. 1093, 3°9 



were refined and polifhed by the example of Margaret his queen, the 

 granddaughter of Edmund Ironfide king of England, who was born on 

 the continent of Europe, and bred up, partly there, and partly in Eng- 

 land. [Vita Margareta in Bollandi Adafanclorum, Junii, V. ii, p. 330.] 

 The trade may be prefumed to have been entirely paflive on the fide of 

 the Scots, who, however, mufi; have had native produce fufficient at 

 leafi: to pay for the goods imported ; as we cannot fuppofe, that the 

 foreign importers were entirely paid from the annual fum of ninety-fix 

 ounces of gold, received from the king of England agreeable to the 

 treaty of 1091, [5'///?. Dun. col. 216] which was probably never paid 

 above once or twice *. 



1095 — The Chrifiians of the Wefl:, enflamed by the frantic zeal of 

 an enthufiafl: called Peter the Hermit, and the artifices of the popes, 

 now undertook to drive the Saracens, or rather the Turks, out of Jcru- 

 falem and Paleftine ; and as they fuppofed themfelves engaged in the 

 fervice of God againfi; his enemies, they dignified their enterprife with 

 the name of the holy ivar. The tranfadions of it no further concern 

 this work, than merely to obferve occafionally, how the population, 

 wealth, and commerce, of Europe wei^e aifeded by it. As no rank, fex, 

 nor age, was exempted from the perfuafion that paradife was the certain 

 reward of fighting againfi: the enemies of God, the armies, or mobs, that 

 emigrated from every part of Europe, were innumerable. The quan- 

 tity of treafure, which they exported from their own poor countries to 

 add to the wealth of the richer countries they pafl^ed through, and of 

 the Turks, was only limited by the utmoft ftretch of the abilities of 

 the individuals ; for all the princes and barons carried with them every 

 penny they could pofiibly raife by any means, however opprefllve to 

 their vafials, or ruinous to their own fortunes and families ; and their 

 example was followed by the inferior adventurers. Thofe who remain- 

 ed at home were no lefs eager to have the merit of contributing to the. 

 expenfe of the expedition. 



From this wonderful perverfion of reafon, wealth, and military en- 

 terprile, the over-ruling providence of God brought out fuch advant- 

 ages to the great body of the people, and particularly to the opprefled 

 inhabitants of the cities and towns in mofl: parts of Europe, as in h 

 great meafure made amends for the depopulation occafioned by it. 



The powers and prerogatives, ufurped, or claimed and exerciied, by 



* Kobert de Bruniie, in his poetical paraphrafe author, the monftrous greatnefs of tlie fum would 



of Langtofl's Chronicle, [/>. 88] reverfes the pay- fufficieiitly pro've it to be utterly incredible. The 



ment, and makes Malcolm pay to William no lefs lum, found in the treafury of William the Con- 



than_/i/r/y thotifand pounds, a ium equal in efficacy queror, which was thought wondcifuily great to 



to at lealt live millions of modern money, which, he accumulated from the revenues of ^/jj /««</, dur- 



il it were true, would give a very magnificent idea ing the whole of his oppreffive reign, was but /^.-s/v 



indeed of the commerce of Scotland. But, inde- thou/and pounds. Great furas are cahly raifcd upon- 



pendent of its being in coutradiftion to a better paper. , 



