338 A. D. 1165: 



Kiopmans haven (the merchants' harbour, which we, after the Germans, 

 call Copenhagen), and it grew up in time to be a confiderable commerc- 

 ial city and the capital of Denmark. [Bertii Rer. Germ. L. iii. /). 139.] 



We have feen the herring fifhery on the coaft of Norway an objeft 

 of confiderable importance in the tenth century : and it is probable, 

 though we have no certain information of it, that they then proceeded 

 up the Laltic, and were taken by the nations bordering upon that fea. 

 Ab <ut this time we have the firft exprefs notice of a fifliery for herrings 

 wjfhin the Baltic, which was at the ifland of Rugen, and fo confiderable, 

 when the flormy winds of November * drove them out of the Ocean to 

 take {belter in the narrow channels of the Baltic, that great numbers of 

 vefl^els from various foreign countries ufed to repair thither to load with 

 herrings. \_Hebnoldi Chron. Slav. L. ii, c. 12.] 



About the fame time the Dutch date the commencement of the her- 

 ring fiihcry on their coaft. The people of Ziriczee caught herrings on 

 the coaft of Briel (or Voorn), an ifland at the mouth of the Maefe (or 

 IVlLufe"); and their example was followed by thofe of Zeland, Holland, 

 and Weft Frifeland, who fitted out fmall veflels called yhZ-rtr^j- f, with 

 •which they repaired to the fame fifliing ground in the proper feafon. 

 Thofe of Ziriczee are alfo faid to have been the firft (of the Low-coun- 

 try people) who packed herrings in barrels ; but they were very defi- 

 cient in the manner of curing them. \y. F. Petit, Chron. de Hollande, i^c. 

 V.'\, p. 184.] The Netherland writers have loft fight of their earlier 

 fiftiery in the Firth of Forth. (See above, p. 325.) 



The City of Lubeck, though founded fo late as the year 1 140 [Bertii 

 Rer. Germ. L. iii, p. 177], had already, by means of its happy fituation 

 near the entrance of the Baltic fea, attained fo much commercial con- 

 fequence, as to attradt the notice of the powerful commercial republic 

 of Genoa, who courted the citizens of Lubeck to confederate with them 

 againft the Pifans, by a promife of carrying them upon the fea on terms 

 of equality with their own citizens, together with a gift of two houfes 

 in Porto Venere and the tower of Motrone. In confequence of this 

 alliance we foon after find merchants of Lubeck trading in the Medi- 

 terranean onboard Genoefe veflels, one of which was taken on her re- 

 turn from Sicily by the Pifans in the year 1171. [Brev. Hijl. Pif. ap. 

 Muratori Script. V. vi, coll. 179, 182.] 



At this time the fultan of Egypt granted the Chriftians of Jerufalem 

 a free trade in his dominions j but that fubftantial advantage was almoft 



* The movements of the hcnings are very ca- guft. Since that time their arrival has gradually 



pricions, both willi refpeft to time and place, been later and later; and in tlie year 1780 it was 



About the year 1 ";oo they ufed to fct iu upon the in November, as in the age of Heimold. \_An- 



<;<>a(ls of Gothland and Schonen in the beginning derfoii's Account of the Hebrides ( Wijlern ijlands ) 



ofharveft, as we learn from Olaus Magnus, L. xx. />. 451-] 



In the year 1752, after having long defcrted thofe f Martin Schook calls them Slalhacrts. {D'ljjert. 



toads, they appeared upon them m July and An- de harcngis, $ 34-] 3 



