354 A. D.I 191. 



fome of the Englifh feamen, diving under the bottom of the great fhip, 

 hampered her rudders, (or whatever fhe ufed for fleering, ' gubernacu- 

 la') with ropes, fo that fhe could fcarcely move, while the reft attempted 

 to board her, which they effeded, but were repulfed by the Turks with 

 prodigious flaughter. At length they drove the iron beaks of the gal- 

 lies furioufly'againft her, and opened feveral breaches in her fides, fo 

 that fhe filled with water. The Turks, finding their fhip going down, 

 leaped onboard their enemies to fave their lives : but all the crew were 

 deliberately butchered or drowned by the orders of Richard, except fe- 

 ven officers of high rank, and twenty-eight engineers, whom he referv- 

 ed for the value of their ranfom, or their fkill in conftruding warlike 

 machines, and to be a trophy of his great achievement *. [Vimjauf, p. 

 328.] 



A fimilar great fhip was taken by the French fleet near Tyre. \P. 

 JEmyl. p. 177.] t 



The Germans and Danes, while they were lying before Aeon, pro- 

 bably feeing that they would need but few veflels to carry them home, 

 broke up their fhips for fire-wood. About the fame time five hundred 

 fhips and bufles, with fome gallies and other veffels, returned to Italy to 

 take in frefh cargoes of men and provifions to be confumed in Paleftine. 

 Thefe, I fuppofe, belonged to the people of the free ftates of Italy, who 

 knew better what to do with their fhips than the Germans and Danes, 

 and turned the enthufiafm of their wefiern neighbours to the advantage 

 of their commerce and navigation. [Hoveden,/. 376 b.] 



The enumeration of the articles, belonging to one of the caravans 

 traveling from Babylon to Paleftine, which was plundered by King Rich- 

 ard, gives us fome idea of the nature of the Oriental trade, as conduc- 

 ed at that time by the way of the Perfian gulf. They confifted of a 

 great quantity of gold and filver (which muft have been bullion, as mo- 

 ney is alfo mentioned) robes of filk, pvirple, round gowns (' ciclades'), 

 purple dye, a variety of ornaments for drefs, arms and weapons of vari- 

 ous kinds, fewed coats of mail of the kind called gafingan%, embroidered 

 cufhions, fumptuous pavilions and tents, bifcuit, wheat, barley, and flour, 

 eleduaries and other medicines, bafins, bottles, bags or perhaps purfes 

 ('fcaccaria'), filver pots and candlefticks, pepper, cinnamon, and other 

 choice fpices of various kinds, fugar and wax, with a prodigious quan- 

 tity of money. The whole value of the plunder was faid to be much 



* Tlie later wrilers fay, that a diver bored a with their axes, through whicli tlicy boarded licr, 



hole ill lur bottom, which iuiik her; and that King and after a dreadful carnage got iioffcflion of her, 



Richard faved 200 prlfoners, and diowned 1300. and found her a very rich prize. They tlien mur- 



f Another great dromund was taken many years dercd all tiie people, except tlie commander, and 



before by a company of pilgrims in nine Hiips un- burnt the fliip, by which they loft much of the 



tier the command of Rognvald earl of Oikncy. trcafurc. Such were the laws and practices of that 



Oncof the Orkney veflels creeping clofe ill toiler fnle holy warfare. \^Smrro, H'ljl. Si^urdi, l^c. c. 17.— 



nr.dct the range of the engines, they opened a port Turfxi Oicudis, L. i, c. 31.] 



